Histology Test 1

Front 1

Lines the internal lumens and covers the external surfaces of organs.

Back 1

Epithelium

Front 2

Epithelium is separated from the underlying connective tissue by what?

Back 2

basement membrane

Front 3

Epithelium is primarily ________? And receives nourishment by _______?

Back 3

Epithelium is primarily avascular. It receives nourishment by diffusion from underlying blood vessels.

Front 4

What are the functions of Epithelium?

Back 4

Diffusion
Transport
Absorption
Secretion

Front 5

What is the difference between basal lamina and basement membrane?

Back 5

Basal lamina PLUS the connective tissue component under it = the basement membrane.

Front 6

A layer of _______ underlies the basement membrane.

Back 6

Reticular fibers

Front 7

What are the functions of the basement membrane?

Back 7

1. Adheres epithelial cells.
2. Filtration (can be leaky/ not)
3.Tissue compartmentalization (provides a border)
4. Helps "right" cells (Dictates up/down polarity)

Front 8

Bowman's capsule in kidney = ?

Back 8

Simple Squamous

Front 9

Lining of respiratory spaces in lungs = ?

Back 9

Simple Squamous

Front 10

What are the two types of simple sqamous epithelium?

Back 10

Endothelium
Mesothelium

Front 11

Lining of vascular system (blood/lymph) = ? (specifically)

Back 11

Simple Squamous Endothelium

Front 12

Lining of body cavities = ? Specifically

Back 12

Simple Squamous Mesothelium

Front 13

Think Renal! = ?

Back 13

Simple Cuboidal

Front 14

Small ducts of exocrine glands = ?

Back 14

Simple Cuboidal

Front 15

Kidney tubules = ?

Back 15

Simple Cuboidal

Front 16

Think digestive system! = ?

Back 16

Simple Columnar

Front 17

Small intestine and colon lining = ?

Back 17

Simple Columnar

Front 18

Gallbladder lining =

Back 18

Simple Columnar

Front 19

Stomach lining and gastric glands =

Back 19

Simple Columnar

Front 20

Trachea and bronchi lining =

Back 20

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Front 21

Lining of ductus deferens

Back 21

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Front 22

Efferent ducts of epididymis

Back 22

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Front 23

In stratified cuboidal epithelium, where do you look to figure out the shape of the cells?

Back 23

The top layer.

Front 24

Sweat gland ducts and large ducts of exocrine glands =

Back 24

Stratified cuboidal

Front 25

Largest exocrine gland ducts (salivary) =

Back 25

Stratified Columnar

Front 26

Epidermis

Back 26

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

Front 27

Lining of oral cavity and esophagus

Back 27

Stratifies Squamous

Front 28

Lining of vagina and lower anal canal

Back 28

Stratified Squamous

Front 29

What type of epithelium can be keratinized?

Back 29

Stratified Squamous

Front 30

What type of epithelium changes shape based on pressure?

Back 30

Transitional

Front 31

What landmark can you use to recognize transitional epithelium?

Back 31

Look for scalloped cells that pop out on top as landmarks.

Front 32

Renal calyx

Back 32

Transitional

Front 33

Bladder, Ureter, and Urethra near internal urethral sphincter

Back 33

Transitional

Front 34

Glands are usually what kind of epithelium?

Back 34

Simple Cuboidal

Front 35

These originate from an epithelium that penetrates the connective tissue and forms secretory units.

Back 35

Glands

Front 36

Secrete products onto surface via ducts.

Back 36

Exocrine glands

Front 37

No ducts. Secrete into CT spaces where they are absorbed into bloodstream by capillaries.

Back 37

Endocrine glands

Front 38

This type of gland secretes hormones.

Back 38

Endocrine gland

Front 39

What are the two types of glands?

Back 39

Unicellular
Multicellular

Front 40

Composed of a single cell with no duct.

Back 40

Unicellular gland

Front 41

What is a common example of a unicellular gland and where would you find it?

Back 41

goblet cells
tracheal epithelium

Front 42

What are the 3 type of gland secretions?

Back 42

Mucus, Serous, Mixed

Front 43

How does mucus stain? What types of glands secrete mucus?

Back 43

Foamy, clear and bubbly- lacking stain.
Goblet cells, sublingual cells

Front 44

How do serous secretions stain? Whats in them? What is an example?

Back 44

Eosinophilic.
Watery secretions rich in enzymes.
Parotid gland.

Front 45

Only ________ glands can have mixed secretions.

Back 45

Multicellular.

Front 46

Submandibular glands have what type of secretion?

Back 46

Mixed secretion

Front 47

Merocrine

Back 47

cells release their contents by exocytosis

Front 48

Holocrine

Back 48

entire secretory cell and contents released

Front 49

Metaplasia

Back 49

The transformation of one cell type to another.

Front 50

When does metaplasia usually occur? Why?

Back 50

Reversible and usually occurs in response to chronic irritation and inflmmation.
Allows for substitution of cells that are better able to survive.

Front 51

Dysplasia

Back 51

An abnormality in the appearance of cells.

Front 52

What does dysplasia indicate?

Back 52

Indicative of early step towards transformation into neoplasia.

Front 53

Neoplasia

Back 53

uncontrolled, progressive growth

Front 54

Bening Neoplasm

Back 54

Remains localized

Front 55

Malignant Neoplasm

Back 55

Grows into adjacent tissues and spreads to distant locations

Front 56

Polyps

Back 56

Benign Epithelial Neoplasm
Arises from surface epithelia

Front 57

Adenomas

Back 57

Benign Epithelial Neoplasm
arise from glandular tissue

Front 58

Carcinomas

Back 58

Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm
Arise from surface epithelia

Front 59

Adenocarcinomas

Back 59

Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm
Arise from glandular tissue