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63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the most important function of the respiratory system?
gas exchange
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
gas exchange
cooling
chemoreception
vocalization
What are the 3 regions of the nasal cavity?
cutaneous
respiratory
olfactory
What is another name for the cutaneous region of the nasal cavity?
nasal vestibule (stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
In the propia submucosa of the cutaneous region was layer is absent?
lamina muscularis
What are the 3 layers of the tunica mucosa?
Lamina epithelialis
Lamina propria
Lamina muscularis
What are the general Structures of Tubular Organs?
Tunica mucosa
Tunica submucosa
Tunica muscularis
Tunica serosa or T. adventitia
What is the transitional zone of the cutaneous region of the nasal cavity lined by?
stratified cuboidal or nonciliated pseudostratified epithelium
In horses, a __________ is lined by integument containing hairs, sebaceous and sweat glands it is also called the False Nostril.
nasal diverticulum
The caudal two-thirds of the nasal cavity is called _______.
respiratory region
Epithelium of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity is lined by ________.
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What are the 4 types of cells of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
1)ciliated
(w/motile cilia/microvilli)
2)secretory(serous or mucous)
3)brush-thick microvilli
4)Basal-sustentacular cells
Propria-submucosa is highly vascular (cavernous stratum) containing what? and located in what region?
serous or mixed nasal glands, numerous nerves, and lymphatic nodules.

respiratory region of the nasal cavity
The dorsocaudal portion of the nasal cavity is called ________ and it is occupied by the ___________.
olfactory region
ethmoidal labyrinth
The olfactory region of the nasal cavity is lined with what type of epithelium?
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
The olfactory region of the nasal cavity is lined w/ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, what type of cells are in this epithelium?
neurosensory(olfactory cells)
sustentacular(columnar cells)
basal cells
What is the vomeronasal organ?
Jacobsen's organ, control of sexual behavior
A paired duct, located on either side of the base of the nasal septum
Vomeronasal organ opens up into _______.
incisive duct
The medial pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the vomeronasal organ contains what?
neurosensory, sustentacular and basal cells
The lateral pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the vomeronasal organ contains what?
ciliated and non-ciliated columnar, goblet and basal cells
The propia submucosa of the vomeronasal organ contains what?
vomeronasal glands (mucous or mixed)
vomeronasal cartilage (hyaline), enclosing the organ.
What lines the nasopharynx?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
What are prominent in the dorsal portion of the nasopharynx?
Lymphatic nodules
Lymphatic nodules of the nasopharynx aggregate as what?
pharyngeal tonsil.
The laryngeal mucosa of the larynx is lined by __________.
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium in the laryngeal mucosa can change to what?
respiratory epithelium
The epithelium over the epiglottis in the larynx may contain __________ .
taste buds
What is frequently observed in the propria-submucosa of the larynx?
Diffuse lymphatic tissues or solitary lymphatic nodules
____________ glands are present in the propria-submucosa of the caudal part of the larynx.
Mixed
Thyroid and cricoid cartilages are made of ________.
hyaline cartilages
Epiglottis and cuneiform process of the arytenoid cartilage contain __________.
elastic cartilage.
The trachea is lined with what type of epithelium?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium w/goblet cells.
_____________, typically pyramidal-shaped, are abundant in young animals and are identified by histochemical methods.
Neuroendocrine cells
A variety of _________ cells in the trachea are also observed in the epithelium.
Migratory-lymphocytes, globular leukocytes and mast cells)
The ___________ of the trachea consists of loose C.T. and a subepithelial layer of elastic fibers.
propria-submucosa
The propria-submucosa of the trachea contains what type of glands?
tubuloacinar seromucous glands.
____ or ____ shaped hyaline cartilage is found in the trachea.
C or U shaped
The external perichondrium of the trachea is surrounded by loose connective tissue of the ___________ .
adventitia
The lungs are covered by pulmonary and visceral ________.
pleura
The pulmonary pleura consists of__________ epithelium and a layer of connective tissue which is continuous with that of ___________septa.
simple squamous
interalveolar
Pulmonary pleura is thickest in ________ and thinnest in the .
ruminants
dog and cat
The lung is divided into: __________ & ___________.
Intrapulmonary conducting airways-bronchi/bronchioles.
Gas exchange area-respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli.
Bronchi are lined by ___________ .
pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
Proximodistally, the epithelial height and number of goblet cells in bronchi decrease whereas __________ increase in number.
Clara cells (exocrine gland)
Proximodistally in the bronchi, cartilages _______ whereas smooth muscles ________ .
decrease,increase
Bronchioles branch repeatedly into several generations and terminate as ____________.
terminal bronchioles
Bronchioles are lined with what.
simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium with ciliated and Clara cells
The propria-submucosa of the bronchioles consists of sparse loose C.T.; ______ &_________ are absent.
Cartilage and glands
What do clara cells in the bronchioles do?
keep the lumen patent(open) and reduces surface tension of liquid film
What are the parts of the gas exchange area (parenchyma)?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts & Alveolar Sacs
Alveoli
The tunica adventitia of the bronchioles is loose C.T. with_________ oriented circularly.
elastic fibers
Respiratory bronchioles are also called ________ and is the focus of most of lung disorders.
transition zone
respiratory bronchioles are similar to terminal bronchioles with the exception of __________.
the epithelium is interrupted by alveoli.
In carnivores, respiratory bronchioles are __________ , whereas in horse, cow and pig, they are short or absent.
extensive
Alveolar duct arises from the respiratory bronchiole and terminate in ________ of alveoli called alveolar sac.
clusters
are lined by what?
simple cuboidal or squamous epithelium.
The subepithelial C.T. of Alveolar Ducts & Alveolar Sacs contains ________ cells and very few __________ .
smooth muscle
elastic fibers
What are the 2 cell types of alveolar epithelial lining?
Type 1 and type 2.
Which cell type of Alveolar epithelial lining is a squamous epithelial cell type and
Type 1
Which cell type of Alveolar epithelial lining is a cuboidal cell with microvilli and fills 5% of the alveoli.
type 2
Which cell type alveoli is responsible for the production of pulmonary surfactant.
type 2
Pulmonary __________ (derived from monocytes) are phagocytic cells present in the alveolar lumen.
macrophages
air blood barrier is composed of what?
Pneumocyte I cell
Basal lamina of pneumocyte I
& capillary endothelial cells
The capillary endothelial cell
The plasmalemma of a red blood cell.