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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

appositional growth in bone 

addition of bone matrix and osteocytes in layers from the periosteum 

endochondral bone formation 

replacement of cartilaginous model with bone 

intramembranous bone formation 

bone formation directly from a sheet of connective tissue


mesenchyme in embryo


periosteum and edosteum in adults


flat bones and irregular bones of skull 

steps in intramembranous bone formation 

1. condensation of mesenchyme 


2.vascularization 


3. differentiation of osteoblasts


4. secretion of osteoid 


5. calcification 


repeat until bone is formed

steps in endochondral bone formation 

1. original hyaline cartilage model


2. bone collar forms around diaphysis


3. bone collar cuts off nutrient supply to cartilage so it dies and the matrix is mineralized 


4. periosteal buds invade spaces left by dead chondrocytes in diaphyseal center, carrying in blood vessels and mesenchymal cells that will form osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells


5. hemocytoblasts begin forming primary marrow


this is all in the primary ossification center


 

endochondral bone growth

cartilage elongates by interstitial growth in the epiphyses


new cartilage is replaced by bone


has identifiable zones of growth 

quiescence zone 

region of bone growth of reserve cartilage that contains non-dividing chrondrocytes

proliferation zone

region of bone growth that is actively growing. the chrondrocytes undergo mitosis

hypertrophy, calicification, and cell death zone 

region of bone growth in which bone cuts off the nutrient supply, chondrocytes hypertrophy, matrix calificies, and chondrocytes die 

ossification zone 

region of bone growth in which blood vessels and C.T. invade the empty spaces left by the chrondrocytes, osteoblasts form and secrete osteoid which mineralizes, osteoblasts become osteocytes 

secondary ossification center

ossification of the epiphyses


works from center out 

epiphyseal plate 

"growth plate"


layer of hyaline cartilage left between the forming bone of the epiphysis and diaphysis


replaced by bone at puberty 

Haversian system formation 

1. parallel blood vessels occupy a shallow groove on the bone surface


2. bone is added in layers along the lateral ridges of the groove until a hollow tunnel is formed


3. inside is covered in osteoblasts that fill the tube outside in

zone of ossification 

intramembranous bone formation 

bone collar

zone of hypertrophy, calcification, and cell death

zone of growth

zone of quiecsence