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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three concentric layers which make up the eye? |
The outer fibrous layer consisting of the sclera and cornea, a middle vascular layer consisting of the choroid, ciliary body and iris, and an inner sensory layer, the retina. |
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Which structure embryologically forms the optic nerve? |
Optic stalk |
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What embryological structure forms the muscles of the iris? |
The ectoderm of the optic cup. |
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What embryological structures form the cornea? |
An outer epithelium derived from ectoderm, the substantia propria, and an inner epithelium. |
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What type of collagen makes up the sclera |
Type 1 |
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What is the suprachoroid lamina? |
The inner part of the sclera which surrounds the choroid. It contains less collagen, more fibroblast, elastic fibers, and melanocytes. |
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What are the five layers of the cornea? |
An external stratified squamous epithelium, an anterior limiting membrane (Bowman's membrane), a thick stroma, a posterior limiting membrane (Descemet's membrane), and an inner epithelium. |
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What structure is shown above? |
The cornea |
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What is the name of the cells that make the stroma of the cornea? |
They are Keratocytes, producing lumican, with keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. |
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What is the epithelium on the inner surface of the cornea? |
Simple squamous. |
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At the limbus, what does Descemet's membrane end as? |
The trabecular network. |
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What is the uvea of the eye? |
The middle vascular layer. |
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What part of the eye is being showed above? |
The trabecular meshwork at the corneoscleral junction (limbus). |
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What separates the choroid from the retina? |
Bruch's membrane |
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What is the ciliary epithelium? |
A double epithelium of low columnar. |
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What is the embryological origin of the ciliary processes? |
The folded rim of the optic cup. |
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What epithelium is shown above? |
Ciliary Epithelium |
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What structure in the eye produces the aqueous humor? |
The ciliary processes via Na/K ATP activity. |
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What forms the ciliary zonules and what are their major components? |
They are made from the non-pigmented cells of the ciliary processes, composed of fibrillin 1 & 2. |
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What are the principal components of the lens? |
The lens capsule, epithelium, and fibers. |
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What is the lens capsule made up of? |
Type four collagen and proteoglycan. |
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What's the embryonic origin of the lens capsule? |
The basement membrane of the lens vesicle. |
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What is the epithelium on the anterior lens? |
Cuboidal epithelium. |
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What is the name of the substance which fills lens fibers? |
Crystallins. |
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What structure is being shown above? |
The iris |
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What are hyalocytes? |
Cells of the vitreous body. |
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What kind of epithelium is the pigmented layer of the retina? |
Simple cuboidal. |
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What part of the eye is being showed above? |
The retina. |
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What are Müller cells? |
These are glial cells found in the retina and support the cells of the retina, forming the outer and inner limiting membrane. |
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What are the pigments in rods and cones responsible for light detection called? |
Rhodopsin and iodopsin respectively. Rhodopsin is made up of opsin and retinal (VitA derivative). |
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What are carotenoids? |
These are substances that filter potentially damaging short wavelength light from the retina, and has antioxidant properties. It is found in the macula and is what gives it its yellow color. |
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What are the non-visual photoreceptors of the retina? |
These are retinal proteins bound to melanopsin, found in the ganglion layer. It detects changes in Light quality and quantity during each 24 hour cycle. These signals pass through the retinohypothalamic tract to the suprachiasmatic nuclei and the pineal gland. |
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Describe the epithelium I'd the conjunctiva. |
Stratified columnar epithelium with small goblet cells. |
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What structure is shown above? |
The eyelid |
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What structure is shown above? |
The lacrimal glands. |
