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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
what are the key features of muscles?
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contractility, a property that effects the movement of the entire organism. specialized cells, adapted for contractility, work together in voluntary and involuntary ways to effect physical movement
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combined contraction
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what does sarco mean?
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flesh, from greek, refers to muscle
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muscle
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what is a sarcolemma?
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plasmalemma of a muscle cell
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plasma
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what is a sacroplasm?
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cytoplasm of a muscle cell
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cytoplasm
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what is a sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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form of smoother endoplasmic reticulum, adpated to ion flux/conductance within a muscle cell
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SER for ions
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what is a sarcosome?
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mitochondria of muscle cells
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power house
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what does myo mean?
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refers to muscle
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m
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what is myology?
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study of muscles
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m study
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what is myofibril?
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group of muscle myofilaments
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m group
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what is myoblast?
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myofiber precursor; cell that differentiates into mature muscle cell
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baby m
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what is myofiber?
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single muscle cell, made up of multipe myofibrils comprised of myofilaments
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m cell
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what are the three muscle types?
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skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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scs
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what are the key features of skeletal muscle?
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striated (possess visible striations or line), with multiple nuclei located at periphery of individual myofibers that are very large, making the nuclei appear sparce, and the myofibers (cells) arranged in groups called fascicles that are surrounded by connective tissue
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bundled multi nuc striations
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what forms myofiber (fibers) of skeletal muscle?
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single cell, product of multiple fusions of myoblasts during embryonic development that are slightly tapered and blunt at either end with elongated tubular morphology and can be up to 30 millimeters in length and 10-100 micrometeres in diamter
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a cell
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what is the nucleus (multiple) of skeletal muscle?
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50-100 nuclei/mm fiber length located at the periphery of each cell with oval (cigar shpaed in longitudinal section) to round (cross section) with clumped chromatin pattern
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many at edge
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what are myofibrils in skeletal muscle?
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contractile proteins of a myofiber that is organized into bundles of visible myofilaments with distinct groupings of filaments not easily resolved by LM
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bundles
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what are myofilaments in skeletal muscle?
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thick filaments comprised of two types of a protein called myosin and thin filaments comprised of coiled proetings (acting, tropomyosin, and troponin)
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through thick and thin
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what is a sarcomere in skeletal muscle?
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unit arrangement of myofilaments that provide the structural and contractile unit of muscle (2-3 micrometers long) that are delineated by histolgic appearance of overlapping myofilaments, which form distinct vertical lines in two dimensions or disc, also the distance betweeen two adjacent Z lines
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a unit of m
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what are the lines and bands of a sarcomere in skeletal muscle?
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Line = ZM, Band = AHI
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HAZMI
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What is the Z line of a sarcomere?
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thin dark line at either end, acts to anchor actin filaments
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What is the A band of a sarcomere?
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broad dark band in middle; overlapping actin and myosin filaments
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What is the I band of a sarcomere?
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composed of z line plus flanking lighter bands (adjacent actin filament
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what is the h band of a sarcomere?
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light band in middle of a band composed of myosin only
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what is m line of a sarcomere?
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center of the H band, composed of tails of thick myosin filamenth
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what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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function as storage units for cations important in contraction, not visible by LM, extensive network of tubules surrounding the myofibrils that become confluent to form terminal cisternae at certain points, which are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the myofiber
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what is a sarcolemma?
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a specialized plasma membrane that is completely surrounded by a baement membrane (important in transmitting depolarizing stimuli which initiate contraction that exhibits periodic 'invaginations' into cytoplasm called transverse 'T' tubules
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What is a T tubule?
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transverse tubule that periodically invaginates into cytoplasm
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what is a triad?
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located at the A-I junction, the point at which terminal cisternae are aligned in 'twos', separated by a specialized invagination of the sarcolemma called a T tubule
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