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28 Cards in this Set

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what are the key features of muscles?
contractility, a property that effects the movement of the entire organism. specialized cells, adapted for contractility, work together in voluntary and involuntary ways to effect physical movement
combined contraction
what does sarco mean?
flesh, from greek, refers to muscle
muscle
what is a sarcolemma?
plasmalemma of a muscle cell
plasma
what is a sacroplasm?
cytoplasm of a muscle cell
cytoplasm
what is a sarcoplasmic reticulum?
form of smoother endoplasmic reticulum, adpated to ion flux/conductance within a muscle cell
SER for ions
what is a sarcosome?
mitochondria of muscle cells
power house
what does myo mean?
refers to muscle
m
what is myology?
study of muscles
m study
what is myofibril?
group of muscle myofilaments
m group
what is myoblast?
myofiber precursor; cell that differentiates into mature muscle cell
baby m
what is myofiber?
single muscle cell, made up of multipe myofibrils comprised of myofilaments
m cell
what are the three muscle types?
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
scs
what are the key features of skeletal muscle?
striated (possess visible striations or line), with multiple nuclei located at periphery of individual myofibers that are very large, making the nuclei appear sparce, and the myofibers (cells) arranged in groups called fascicles that are surrounded by connective tissue
bundled multi nuc striations
what forms myofiber (fibers) of skeletal muscle?
single cell, product of multiple fusions of myoblasts during embryonic development that are slightly tapered and blunt at either end with elongated tubular morphology and can be up to 30 millimeters in length and 10-100 micrometeres in diamter
a cell
what is the nucleus (multiple) of skeletal muscle?
50-100 nuclei/mm fiber length located at the periphery of each cell with oval (cigar shpaed in longitudinal section) to round (cross section) with clumped chromatin pattern
many at edge
what are myofibrils in skeletal muscle?
contractile proteins of a myofiber that is organized into bundles of visible myofilaments with distinct groupings of filaments not easily resolved by LM
bundles
what are myofilaments in skeletal muscle?
thick filaments comprised of two types of a protein called myosin and thin filaments comprised of coiled proetings (acting, tropomyosin, and troponin)
through thick and thin
what is a sarcomere in skeletal muscle?
unit arrangement of myofilaments that provide the structural and contractile unit of muscle (2-3 micrometers long) that are delineated by histolgic appearance of overlapping myofilaments, which form distinct vertical lines in two dimensions or disc, also the distance betweeen two adjacent Z lines
a unit of m
what are the lines and bands of a sarcomere in skeletal muscle?
Line = ZM, Band = AHI
HAZMI
What is the Z line of a sarcomere?
thin dark line at either end, acts to anchor actin filaments
What is the A band of a sarcomere?
broad dark band in middle; overlapping actin and myosin filaments
What is the I band of a sarcomere?
composed of z line plus flanking lighter bands (adjacent actin filament
what is the h band of a sarcomere?
light band in middle of a band composed of myosin only
what is m line of a sarcomere?
center of the H band, composed of tails of thick myosin filamenth
what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
function as storage units for cations important in contraction, not visible by LM, extensive network of tubules surrounding the myofibrils that become confluent to form terminal cisternae at certain points, which are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the myofiber
what is a sarcolemma?
a specialized plasma membrane that is completely surrounded by a baement membrane (important in transmitting depolarizing stimuli which initiate contraction that exhibits periodic 'invaginations' into cytoplasm called transverse 'T' tubules
What is a T tubule?
transverse tubule that periodically invaginates into cytoplasm
what is a triad?
located at the A-I junction, the point at which terminal cisternae are aligned in 'twos', separated by a specialized invagination of the sarcolemma called a T tubule