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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is extracellular matrix? |
Organic and inorganic material. Mostly Water (70-80%). -Collagen most abundant protein (type I, II, III fibrillar) -proteoglycans (large aggregating -Aggrecan, small leucine rich) |
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Woven bone (from elk antler) |
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Osteocytes |
maintain bone tissue |
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Osteoblast |
form bone matrix Blast = builds bone |
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osteogenic cell |
Bone stem cell |
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Osteoclast |
Resorbs bone Clast = cleaves bone |
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Ground bone section - remodelled bone |
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How does bone grow? |
Bone grows only by apposition -intramembranous model: fibro-vascular tissue scaffold -endochondral model: cartilage anlage
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What kind of bone growth is this? |
Intramembranous bone growth - these pieces of bone will grow until they come into contact with each other and fuse |
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Dense regular connective tissue (tendon) |
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Dense irregular connective tissue (joint capsule) -more complicated structure bc more complicated function |
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Lacunas are holes where chondrocytes get trapped. -This is hyaline cartilage in trachea. |
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Joint meiscus |
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Intervertebral disk |
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What is cartilage creep? |
Slow motion displacement of the liquid in the cartilage. This is why you are taller in the morning b/c the load during the day displaces water |
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White Adipose tissue -peripheral nuclei, one large lipid droplet -energy storage/padding/inflammatory organ |
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Brown adipose tissue -multilocar adipocytes -central nuclei, miltiple peripheral lipid droplets -rich in mitochondria (brown pigment) -specialized for heat production |
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What are the four basic tissue types? |
Epithelia - sheets of cells that separate and define spaces muscle - contractile cells nervous - excitable connective - few cells, substantial ECM |
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Simple columnar epithelium (in the gut) |
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Simple squamous epithelium (lung) |
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Stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) |
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Five cellular characteristics of epithelia |
1. Cohesive interaction between cells 2. Existence of three membrane domains: apical, lateral, basal. 3. Existence of tight junctions between apical and lateral domains 4. polarized distribution of different organelles in cytoskeleton 5. Quasi-immobility of group of epitheliam cells relative to local enviro. |
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Adherens junctions |
sometimes called delt desmosomes; goes all the way around the cell. Very different from desmosomes though, different proteins. Strong mechanical linkage between cells
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Tight junctions |
Seal off apical from basal region |
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Desmosomes |
- little snappers. Hang together to hold cells |
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Hemidesmosomes |
attach cell to basal surface |
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Exocrine glands 1. simple tubular 2. simple branched tubular 3. simple coiled tubular 4. Simple acinar 5. Simple branched acinar 6. Compound tubular 7. Compound acinar 8. Compound tubulo-acinar |
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Striated muscle -eccentric nuclei, abundant mitochondria, extensive SER (aka sarcoplasmic reticulum) |
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Striated muscle longitudinal section |
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Striated muscle transverse section |
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Identify the parts of the sarcomere |
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What are T tubules? |
Have a hole continous with the outside of the muscle cell which brings the outside of the cell inside. Main function is for communication between muscle fibres to speed the action potential because it can skip diffucion |
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Skeletal muscle |
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Features of striated muscle |
SKeletal and cardiac muscle - cylindrical cells with densely packed arrays of contractile proteins visibly striated -actin and myosin -titin - structural protein |
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Features of smooth muscle |
-fusiform cells without striations -found in vessels, uterus, gut, iris, etc. -Individual cells arranged in sheets and tubes -contractile proteins (Actin, tropomyosin, myosin II) only visible on TEM -Dense body (desmosome attachments) Gap junctions Autonomic innervation |
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Features of cardiac muscle |
-Striated with central nuclei -Branching myofibers -Intercalated disks between cells (anchors cytoskeleton, rich in gap junctions) -Rich in mitochondria -Extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Cardiac muscle |
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Dystrophin |
Cytoplasmic rod like protein that is part of a protein complex that connects myofibrils to extracellular connective tissue components. -important in transmitting loads from cells to tendons |
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How can you tell that a neuron is an active cell by looking at it on a slide? |
Nucleus and nucleolus are very big. Lots of nissl staining of ribosomes in the cytoplasm because it needs to make a lot of proteins |
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Astrocytes |
The largest and most abundant glial cells. -Numerous branching cytoplasmic processes that provide a scaffold for neurons -Role in regulating movement of metabolites and waste -Help maintain ionic concentration of ECM -Modulate BBB
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Oligodendrocytes |
Produce Myelin within CNS |
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Label this neural tissue |
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Where in the brain is this? Label |
Choroid plexus produces the CSF |
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What kind of cells are these within the choroid plexus? |
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What cells are these within the central canal? |
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Where in the brain is this? Label it |
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What neural tissue is this? |
Grey matter - composed of neuronal cell bodies and unmyelinated axons (no fat) as well as glia. Arrows indicate cell bodies of motor neurons (this is section of spinal cord) |
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What neural tissue is this? |
White matter - composed of myelinated axons and glia Arrows indicate axons within myelin (white space around because lipid components dissolved out during prep) |
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What neural tissue is this? |
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What are the three sheaths of a nerve? |
Epineurium - collagen sheath wrapping groups of fascicles Perineurium - bundle of nerve fibres (fascicle) wrapped in thicker collagen sheat Endoneurium - collagen sheath around one nerve fibre (nerve in schwann cell layer) |
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Label this nerve sheath |
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Label this nerve sheath |
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What is a ganglia? |
A collection of neuronal cell bodies located outside the CNS |
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Ganglia |
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What are the respiratory epithelial cell types? |
Basal cells (act as stem cells) Ciliated cells Brush cells Neuroendocrine cells |
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Respiratory epithelium is made up of... |
CIliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium goblet cells basal (stem) cells Neuroendocrine cells Tubuloalveolar glands (mostly serous) |
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Clara (club) cells in bronchiole |
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Bronchioles |
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AD = alveolar duct AS = alveolar sac A = alveolus |
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Cell types in an alveoli |
Type I pneumocyte - alveolar epithelium (simple squamous, site of gas exchange) Type II pneumocytes (septal cells) - secrete pulmonary surfactant Dust cells - macrophages Fibrocytes - synthesize collagen and elastin in alveolar septum
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Alveoli |
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Capillaries in alveoli |
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Pulmonary macrophage or dust cell |
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Pulmonary macrophages or dust cells |
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Parabronchi in avian lung |
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