Histology Male Reproductive System

Front 1

Capsule of the testis? Covered by?

Back 1

tunica albuginea of the testis

covered by the visceral layer of the tunical vaginalis

Front 2

the posterior surface of the testis is attached to

Back 2

the inner wall of the scrotum = not covered by tunica vaginalis

Front 3

The ______ are contained within the mediastinum testis and consist of irregular anastomosing channels that form a network of interconnected chambers embedded in the well-vascularized mediastinum

Back 3

The rete testis are contained within the mediastinum testis and consist of irregular anastomosing channels that form a network of interconnected chambers embedded in the well-vascularized mediastinum

Front 4

Each long coiled loop or tube of seminiferous tubule is continuous with the rete testis via a short intervening _______ that is lined completely by the _____ with no ____ cells within the epithelium.

Back 4

Each long coiled loop or tube of seminiferous tubule is continuous with the rete testis via a short intervening tubulus rectus that is lined completely by the Sertoli cells with no germ cells within the epithelium.

Front 5

2 types of ducts in the epididymis?

Back 5

efferent ductules = head

ductus epididymis = body and tail

Front 6

Features of the ductuli efferentes?

Back 6

1. scalloped b/c of two cell types
2. stellate lumen
3. surrounded by smooth muscle

Front 7

2 cell types of ductuli efferentes? fxn of each?

Back 7

1. tall columnar ciliated cells = cilia beat toward ductus epididymis

2. short non-ciliated cells with microvili = reabsorb fluid

Front 8

Features of the ductus epididymis?

Back 8

1. Uniform epithelium
2. smooth and regular lumen
3. surrounded by smooth muscle

Front 9

2 cell types of the ductus epididymis?

Back 9

1. Principle cells = columnar w/STEREOcilia

2. basal cells = stem cells

Front 10

3 layers of muscular coat of ductus deferens?

Back 10

1. inner longitudinal = thin
2. middle circular = thick
3. outer longitudinal = thick

Front 11

Blood vessels in the spermatic cord?

Back 11

testicular artery

pampiniform plexus of veins

Front 12

diagnostic feature of veins of the pampiniform plexus?

Back 12

longitudinally arranged bundles of smooth muscle in the adventitia

Front 13

The ampulla of the ductus deferens is joined by the ____________, a gland that arose embryologically as a _________ of the ductus deferens

Back 13

The ampulla of the ductus deferens is joined by the seminal vesicle, a gland that arose embryologically as a diverticulum of the ductus deferens

Front 14

corpora cavernosa are surrounded by a thick fibrous envelope, the ?

Back 14

the tunica albuginea of the penis.

Front 15

______ supply blood to the erectile tissue.

Back 15

Helicine arteries

Front 16

spermatogonia identifying features?

Back 16

round/oval nuclei near the basement membrane

Front 17

spermatocyte identifying features?

Back 17

nuclei are clumped from meiosis

Front 18

Most of the spermatocytes observed in a tissue section are in what phase?

Back 18

the first meiotic prophase, which is a slow process, extending over 20 days.

Front 19

Spermatids undergo what process? 2 types? ploidy?

Back 19

spermIOgenesis = only morphological changes

2 types = early and late spermatids

haploid

Front 20

Difference between early and late spermatids?

Back 20

early = small dense round nuclei

late = radially elongated nuclei

Front 21

Late spermatids are similar in appear- ance to the mature spermatozoa except that

Back 21

their heads are embedded and bound in the indented apical cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells.

Front 22

Fate of the residual cytoplasm of the maturing spermatid

Back 22

left behind, often to be phagocytosed by the Sertoli cell.

Front 23

What cells are in the interstitial spaces between the seminiferous tubules?

Back 23

1. Leydig cells
2. macrophages
3. fibroblasts

Front 24

Features of leydig cells?

Back 24

large, ovoid, pale staining cells with frothy cytoplasm (due to the content of extracted lipid droplets typical of steroid-producing cells)

Front 25

The very prominent muscular wall of the seminal vesicle is arranged into _____ and _____ layers that function to ?

Back 25

The very prominent muscular wall of the seminal vesicle is arranged into inner circular and outer longitudinal layers that function to contract during ejaculation to expel the seminal fluid.

Front 26

What type of gland is the prostate?

Back 26

tubuloalveolar compound gland

Front 27

How do you differentiate the prostate from the mammary gland?

Back 27

the prostate doesn't have lobules

Front 28

What makes up prostatic concretions?

Back 28

calcified glycoprotein and coagulated prostatic secretion

Front 29

What type of gland is the bulbourethral gland?

Back 29

tubuloalveolar compound gland

Front 30

Glands of Littre location and function

Back 30

mucous acinar glands in the lamina propria near or outside the urethra

Front 31

What do seminiferous tubules produce?

Back 31

spermatozoa and testicular fluid

testicular fluid = exocrine secretion of the testis

Front 32

What do they leydig cells secrete?

Back 32

testosterone

Front 33

The time taken for a spermatogonium to evolve into mature spermatozoa is about

Back 33

80 days

Front 34

4 parts of spermatogenesis

Back 34

1. spermatocyteogenesis
2. meiosis
3. spermiogenesis
4. spermiation

Front 35

Spermatocytogenesis?

Back 35

mitotic divisions of the spermatogonia

produces primary spermatocytes

Front 36

Meiosis?

Back 36

haploid spermatids are generated from primary spermatocytes

Front 37

Spermiogenesis?

Back 37

MORPHOLOGICAL transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa

Front 38

Spermiation?

Back 38

release of spermatozoa from the luminal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules

Front 39

What hormones do the Sertoli cells produce?

Back 39

-androgen binding protein (ABP) = concentrates testosterone in cells lining the reproductive duct,
inhibin = inhibits FSH production by the pituitary
-anti-Müllerian hormone during fetal development, inhibiting the development of female reproductive structures

Front 40

Three populations of spermatogonium?

Back 40

1. Type A dense = reserve stem cells

2. Type A pale = daughter of the A dense = induced by testosterone to become type B

3. Type B = undergo 4 divisions eventually yielding a primary spermatocyte

Front 41

Type A spermatogonia are _____ cells and the Type B spermatogonia are _____ cells.

Back 41

Type A spermatogonia are stem cells and the Type B spermatogonia are progenitor cells.

Front 42

Primary spermatocyte =

Secondary Spermatocyte =

Back 42

Primary spermatocyte = 1st meiotic division

Secondary Spermatocyte = 2nd meiotic division = spermatids = cells no longer divide

Front 43

Blood-testis barrier?

Back 43

Formed by sertoli cells = protects the haploid gametes from blood-borne noxious agents and *contact with the immune system.*

Front 44

primary spermatocytes reside exclusively in the ______ compartment and secondary spermatocytes in the _____ compartment

Back 44

primary spermatocytes reside exclusively in the basal compartment and secondary spermatocytes in the adluminal compartment

Front 45

How does the blood testis barrier keep primary and secondary spermatocytes separated?

Back 45

Sertoli cells form new tight junctions basal to the primary spermatocytes, and then break the more apical junctions to allow spermatocytes into the adluminal compartment as they become haploid

Front 46

Once committed to differentiation, the progenitor Type B cells and all subsequent divisions (both mitosis and meiosis) stay connected by? Why?

Back 46

intercellular cytoplasmic bridges = synchronous cell division/differentiation

Front 47

The first recognizable change in a spermatid undergoing spermiogenesis is?

Back 47

development of an acrosome

Front 48

The acrosome shapes the condensing nucleus into an elongate form. The remainder of the cytoplasm also deforms under control of a specialized cylindrical sheath of microtubules called the

Back 48

manchette

Front 49

When spermiogenesis is complete, the late spermatids are released from the enveloping apical cytoplasm of the Sertoli cell into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule as ?

Back 49

mature spermatozoa.

Front 50

Capacitation?

Back 50

removal of the glycoprotein coat on the spermatozoa by the uterus = the final step in sperm maturation

Front 51

Flow of sperm (10)

Back 51

1. seminiferous tubules
2. tubuli recti (straight tubules)
3. rete testis
4. ductuli efferentes
5. ductus epididymis
6. ductus deferens
7. ampulla
8. ejaculatory duct
9. prostatic urethra
10. penile urethra

Front 52

Function of the flagellum?

Back 52

motor movement AFTER ejaculation

Front 53

What cells lne the tubuli recti?

Back 53

ONLY sertoli cells

Front 54

Does any maturation of the sperm occur in the ductus epidiymis?

Back 54

yes, something related to motility

Front 55

The ejaculatory ducts open into the prostatic urethra within a central elevation of the urethral mucosa known as the

Back 55

seminal colliculus

Front 56

Majority of the whole ejaculate comes from

Back 56

seminal vesicles

Front 57

seminal vesicles contain spermatozoa-activating substances, notably?

Back 57

fructose (energy) and prostaglandins

Front 58

zones of the prostate (3)?

Back 58

1. central zone
2. peripheral zone
3. transitional zone

Front 59

central zone of the prostate?

Back 59

-25% of gland volume
-surrounds ejaculatory duct

Front 60

peripheral zone of the prostate?

Back 60

-70% of gland volume
-outermost portion
-common site for prostate cancer

Front 61

transitional zone of the prostate?

Back 61

-surrounds prostatic urethra proximal to ejaculatory ducts
-site of most BPH

Front 62

contents of prostatic secretion?

Back 62

proteolytic enzymes, including fibrinolysin and acid phosphatase as well as citric acid.

Front 63

prostatic utricle?

Back 63

-occurs at junction of ejaculatory duct
-might be from the mullerian duct

Front 64

PSA?

Back 64

normal prostate secretion that functions to liquefy semen, is often overproduced in prostate cancers, so a common diagnostic tool is the testing of blood PSA levels

Front 65

Cowper's gland function?

Back 65

aka bulbourethral glands:
clear viscous secretion may function as lubrication, to displace urine, and/or to provide a basic environment in the urethra, and it is ejected primarily during sexual stimulation prior to ejaculation.

Front 66

Basis for erectile dysfunction treatment?

Back 66

-PSNS initiates erection mediated by NO
-NO activates cGMP = erection
-PDE-5 breaks down cGMP
-BLOCK PDE-5 = longer boner time

Front 67

In the Male:
mesonephric duct gives rise to?

paramesonephric duct gives rise to?

Back 67

mesonephric = epididymis, ductus deferens, and seminal vesicle

paramesonephric = appendix testis.

Front 68

The testes normally descend into the scrotal sac during approximately the 26th week of fetal development, following a path specified by a ligamentous structure known as the

Back 68

gubernaculum

Front 69

A portion of the peritoneum also descends external to the testes, which in the adult forms

Back 69

the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis.

Front 70

reduction of surface exposed to air by contraction of the _____, which wrinkles the skin

regulation of distance from the body by contraction of ______

Back 70

reduction of surface exposed to air by contraction of the dartos (smooth) muscle, which wrinkles the skin

regulation of distance from the body by contraction of the cremaster (skeletal) muscle