Histology - Digestion

Front 1

sebaceous glands

Back 1

-microscopic glands in skin which secrete an oil/waxy substance 'sebum'
- branched type of acinar gland
- usually be found in hair-covered areas, where they are connected to hair follicles

Front 2

Where are sebaceous glands on lip?

Back 2

only on external integment, NOT the mucosal side (inside)

Front 3

buccinator muscle

Back 3

muscular layer in cheek

Front 4

What gland is present in cheeks?

Describe them and layer found in

Back 4

buccal glands are located in the propria-submucosa and
may be serous, mucous or seromucous

Front 5

What papillae are present in cheeks? Found in what species?

Back 5

conical buccal papillae; ruminant

Front 6

palatine glands are mucous or serous?

Back 6

mixed (mucous or seromucous)

note:palatine gland is minor salivary gland found in area of soft palate

Front 7

Dental pad found in what species?

Tissue composition?

Back 7

ruminants

heavily keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

overlying a thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

Front 8

palatine glands are located which region?

Back 8

propria-submucosa of soft palate

Front 9

Tissue composition of tongue?

Back 9

Lined by str. squamous epithelium, dorsally keratinized and ventrally non-keratinized

Front 10

What are muscle in tongue called?

Back 10

Lingual muscles (they are skeletal)

Front 11

What types of species contain prominent filiform papillae?

Back 11

cat and cow

Front 12

Name 3 gustatory papillae?

Back 12

valiate, fungiform, foliate papillae

Front 13

What kind of papillae is this?

Species present in?

Back 13

foliate;Parallel to surface
Many folds
Taste buds on sides

Foliate papillae are absent in ruminants.
In cats, they are rudimentary and without tastebuds

Front 14

In fungiform papillae, where are taste buds located?

Back 14

Mushroom Shaped Raised above the surface Have taste buds on TOP

Front 15

Name 3 mechanical papillae?

Which one is not highly keratinized

Back 15

filiform, conical, lenticular

conical lingual

Front 16

lyssa is a

Back 16

a cordlike structure present in the tongue of carnivores.

composed of white adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, blood vessels and nerves, enclosed by dense irregular connective tissue capsule

Front 17

Outer layer on tooth?

What is it comprised of?

Back 17

enamel

99% inorganic (hydroxyaptite)

Front 18

What is cellular component of dentine?

Back 18

odontoblast

Front 19

What is cellular component of enamel?

Back 19

Ameloblast

Front 20

What is cellular component of Cementum?

Back 20

cementocytes

Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within root of tooth and is thickest at root apex. Yellowish color and is softer than enamel and dentin due to being less mineralized.

Front 21

What are short and cease to grow after eruption is completed?

In ruminants, they represent which?

Back 21

Brachydont; incisors of ruminants

Front 22

Much longer and continue to grow throughout the life.

In pigs, they represent which?

Back 22

Hypsodont

canine teeth of pigs.

Front 23

major salivary glands

Back 23

Mandibular
Zygomatic (carnivores)
Sublingual
Parotid

Front 24

Name 4 Minor Salivary gland

Back 24

Labial, lingual, buccal and palatine
Molar (cats)

Front 25

zymogen granules

Back 25

Each acinus of parotid salivary gland has pyramidal shaped cells at apex (apical side) with contain these granules.

(according to online source, these are granules of zymogen in gland cells, particularly those of the pancreatic acini and of the gastric chief cells.)

chief cells and zymogen cells are same thing?

Front 26

structure of parotid gland

Back 26

Compound acinar, predominantly serous

Front 27

Zygomatic salivary gland is found in what species?

Back 27

only in carnivores

Front 28

Are Intercalated and striated ducts present in zygomatic salivary glands?

Back 28

almost nonexistent.

Front 29

Molar salivary gland are found in what species?

Similar to what gland in structure?

Where located?

Back 29

cat; similar to zygomatic

located near commissure of lips and their ducts open into oral vestibule opposite molar teeth.

Front 30

What are 3 layers of mucosa?

Back 30

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Lamina muscularis

Front 31

What is lamina propria usually comprised of?

Back 31

loose connective tissue

Front 32

Glands usually present in what layer?

Back 32

Lamina propria OR propria submucosa (if lamina muscularis missing) OR tunica submucosal

Front 33

Ruminal papillae are made of what type of tissue?

Back 33

Str. Sq. Ker. Epi.

w/Propria Submucosa

Front 34

Where are glands present in esophagus?

Back 34

tunica submucosa

@ pharyngoesophageal junction in horses, cats, ruminants

on cranial half of esophagus in pigs

throughout length in pigs

Front 35

What is epithelium of esophagus like in different species?

Back 35

str. squamous epithelium

nonkeratinized in dog
slightly keratin. in pigs, horses
highly keratin. in ruminants

Front 36

How do linings of rumen, reticulum, and omasum compare?

Back 36

omasum has smooth muscle that extends all the way from top to bottom, also has tunica muscularis and tunica submucosa

reticulum only has smooth muscle at top.

Front 37

How do linings of rumen, reticulum, and omasum compare?

Back 37

omasum has smooth muscle that extends all the way from top to bottom, also has tunica muscularis and tunica submucosa

reticulum only has smooth muscle at top.

Front 38

Where might u find Stratified columnar epithelia ?

Back 38

Stratified columnar epithelia are found in:
- excretory ducts of mammary gland
- main excretory duct (biggest branch) of large salivary glands (parotid), but secretory tissue of gland (intralobular) will have cuboital or simple columnar

Front 39

Where might u find Stratified squamous epithelia ?

Back 39

Stratified squamous epithelia are found in:
- sections of the oesophagus, tongue or vagina

Front 40

In parotid gland, for example, striated ducts are lined by ________?

Back 40

simple tall columnar epithelium

(striated branched into intercalated)

Front 41

In parotid gland, for example, intercalated ducts (terminal, connecting intralobular ducts) are lined by ________?

Back 41

simple cuboidal epithelium and CONNECT individual acini TO striated ducts.

Front 42

The parotid salivary gland is mainly serous or mucous?

Back 42

serous (but can be mixed in dog and cat)

Front 43

Names branches of duct system from largest to smallest _______

Back 43

Main duct, lobar duct (entering lobe), interlobular duct (entering lobule), intralobular (within lobule), intercalated (connect acinar), and striated (lead to acinar if present)

Front 44

- Lyssa

Back 44

cordlike structure in tongue of carnivores.

Front 45

What is the general structure of tunica submucosa?

Back 45

CT
glands
submucosal (Meissner's) plexus

Front 46

Which salivary gland in cats is located near the commissure of the lips and their ducts open into oral vestibule opposite molar teeth?

Back 46

Molar salivary gland

Front 47

What is the general structure of tunica mucosa?

Back 47

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Lamina muscularis

Front 48

What is the general structure of tunica muscularis?

Back 48

smooth or skeletal muscles
myenteric (Auribach's) plexus

Front 49

What is the outer most layer of the esophagus called in the cervical region of the esophagus?

Back 49

Tunica adventicia

Front 50

What is the outer most layer of the esophagus called in the thoracic and abdominal region?

Back 50

Tunica serosa

Front 51

What separates the nonglandular region of the stomach from the glandular region in the horse?

Back 51

Margoplicatus

Front 52

What parts of the ruminant stomach contain keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Back 52

Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum

Front 53

Is the lamina muscularis present in the rumen?

Back 53

NO

Front 54

Which region of the ruminant stomach has reticular folds and many conical papillae?

Back 54

Reticulum

Front 55

What is located in the upper part of reticular folds?

Back 55

A band of smooth muscle

Front 56

What allows the milk in a young ruminant to bypass the rumen and reticulum?

Back 56

Reticular groove

Front 57

Which part of the ruminant stomach has "leaves" that help gfind the food?

Back 57

Omasum

Front 58

Does the tunica muscularis layer in the omasum continue into the omasal laminae?

Back 58

Yes

Front 59

What are the three regions of the glandular stomach?

Back 59

Cardiac
Fundic
Pyloric

Front 60

What epithelium lines the mucosal surface and gastric pits in the glandular stomach?

Back 60

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 61

In what animal is the cardiac gland region of the stomach most developed?

Back 61

Pigs

Front 62

What type of glands are in the cardiac gland region of the stomach?

Back 62

Simple branched, coiled tubular glands that release a mucous secretory product

Front 63

What type of glands are in the fundic gland region of the stomach?

Back 63

straight, branched tubular glands

Front 64

What are the four cell types in the secretory epithelium of the fundic region?

Back 64

Mucous neck cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells
Endocrine cells

Front 65

What are the most common secretory cell type in the fundic region that secrete pepsinogen?

Back 65

Chief cells / Zymogen cells

Front 66

Which secretory cell in the fundic region contain carbonic anhydrase and are larger than chief cells?

Back 66

Parietal cells

Front 67

Which secretory cell in the fundic region produce gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide?

Back 67

Endocrine cells

Front 68

What type of glands are located in the pyloric gland region of the stomach?

Back 68

ranched, coiled tubular glands and are considerably DEEPER than other glands

Front 69

How many layers are in the tunica muscularis of the glandular somach?

Back 69

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal layer
(3 layers)

Front 70

What type of epithelial layer lines the small intestine?

Back 70

Simple columnar epithelial cells with numerous goblet cells

Front 71

What are the simple, branched tubular invaginations formed in the small intestines?

Back 71

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Front 72

What type of cells are present near the base of the intestinal glands in ruminants and horses?

Back 72

Paneth cells

Front 73

What do paneth cells produce?

Back 73

peptidase and lysozyme

Front 74

What is the single lymphatic capillary located at the center of the villus in the small intestine lamina propria?

Back 74

Lacteal

Front 75

What is the single lymphatic capillary located at the center of the villus in the small intestine lamina propria?

Back 75

lacteal

Front 76

The lamina muscularis of most animals is incomplete except in the?

Back 76

Dog

Front 77

What do the Brunner's glands of the duodenum produce in animals?

Back 77

Mucous: dogs and ruminants
Serous: Pigs and horses
Mixed: Cats

Front 78

Where are Peyer's patches usually located in the small intestine?

Back 78

Tunica submucosa of Ileum

Front 79

The tunica muscularis of the small intestine is thickest in what animal?

Back 79

Horses

Front 80

he large intestine does not contain which two things?

Back 80

No villi
No paneth cells

Front 81

In what animals does the tunica muscularis of the colon form flat muscle bands with elastic fibers called taenia?

Back 81

Pigs and Horses

Front 82

Which cells are increased in the tissue of the rectum?

Back 82

goblet cells

Front 83

The anal canal in pigs and carnivores has which three zones of cells?

Back 83

Columnar
Intermediate
Cutaneous

Front 84

columns) What does the columnar zone of the anal canal contain?

Back 84

Longitudinal folds (anal columns)

Front 85

What type of cells line the mucosa of the columnar and intermediate zones of the anal canal?

Back 85

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium, with tubuloalveolar sweat glands

Front 86

What lines the the mucosa of the cutaneous zone of the anal canal?

Back 86

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 87

What are some functions of the liver (largest gland in body)?

Back 87

Secretion of bile
Metabolism of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, hemoglobin, and drugs
Hemopoiesis (in fetal life)
Phagocytosis and detoxificatio

Front 88

What is the capsule that covers the liver called?

Back 88

Glisson's capsule (Dense irregular CT)

Front 89

Which animals have distinct interlobular CT in the septa of the liver parenchyma?

Back 89

Pigs