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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metachromatic
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Stain different color than the dye.
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Leukotrienes
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Powerful inflammation agents that have long-term effect.
Heparin and histamin have short-term effects. |
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Hives (urticarie) are produced by which cells?
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Mast cells
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What color does collagen stain in H/E?
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Red or pink.
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What color does collagen stain in trichrome or aniline blue or green dyes?
EXAM |
Blue or green.
Trichrome is useful in distinguishing collagen (blue or green) from muscle (red). Both of these stain red or pinkin H/E. |
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How can you see reticular fibers?
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The only way to see reticular fibers is by using silver stain (for coll III), or using the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS).
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What stains are used for elastic fibers?
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They are eosinophilic, but are best seen using resorcin fuschin, aldehyde fuschin, and Verhoeff's stain.
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H/E basophilic organelles/structures.
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rER, osteoblasts (because abundant in rER),
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What collagen type is found in bones? Hyalin cartilage?
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Coll I is found in bones.
Hyalin cartilage has Coll II |
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Do skeletal muscles form dyads or triads? Describe it.
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Skeletal muscles form triads. These tryads are made of T tubules with the terminal cisternae of the SR at the A-I interphase.
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Do cardiac muscles form dyads or triads? Where are they located?
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Cardiac muscles form dyads at the Z line (unlike skeletal, which ford tryads at the A-I interphase)
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Do smooth muscles have T tubules?
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No. They have caveolae instead which have functions similar to T tubules.
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What anchors thick filaments to the Z disk?
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Titin.
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Describe the T tubule in cardiac muscles.
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In cardiac muscles, T tubulkes are lined by external lamina.
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Nissl Bodies. Where are they found? What are they? Function.
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Nissl bodies are found in the cytoplasm of CNS neurons (they are found in PNS, but they are so small that they appear homogenous basophilic staining with the cytoplasm).
They are a collection of rER and ribosomes. They function to synthesize the protenaceous material of the neuron. |
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What is arborization of axon?
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Losing myelination and branching repeatedly.
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Neuroglial cells.
Location. Function. |
Located only at the CNS (the PNS equivalent of oligodendrocyte is Schwann cells).
Function: support and protect neurons. |
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Where is the CSF produced? How is it moved?
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CSF is produces by choroid plexus, and moved by cilliated cells called ependymal cells.
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What are the phagocytic cells in the brain called?
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Microglia.
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What produces myelin?
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Oligodendrocytes in CNS, and Schwan cells in PNS.
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Ganglia
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Neural cell bodies located outside the CNS.
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What type of connective tissue looks like smooth muscles? How would you distinguish the two?
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Dense regular CT. It's more wavy and the nuclei are spaced farther apart compared to smooth muscles.
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Which cells have football-shaped azurophils?
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Eosinophils.
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What is in intercalated disks?
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Fascia adherens,
macula adherens, and gap junctions. |
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What is unique about the stroma of the prostate?
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The stroma contains smooth muscle in addition to collagenous connective tissue: Fibromuscular stroma.
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Where is stereocilia found in the male reproductive tract?
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In the epididymus, and ductus deferens.
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What does the theca interna secrete in the secondary (antral) follicle?
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Androgens (whcih will be converted to estrogen)
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What glands are found in the cervix of the uterus?
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Cervical glands secreting mucus, which when impacted become Nabothian glands.
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What two cell types are found in the uterine tube?
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Cilliated cells and peg cells (secrete fluids).
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Where are Hassal's corpuscle's found?
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In thymic medulla. Function unknown.
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What is responsible for the physical appearance of white matter?
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Myelin.
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What type of cytoskeletal filaments does the edge of platelets (hyalomere) contain?
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Microtubules.
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What type of filament is anchored to the zonula occludens?
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Actin filaments.
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Where are mannose-6-phosphate receptors located?
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In trans Golgi network. These will join the late endosomes and the M-6-P receptors will be recycled into the Golgi apparatus.
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Can vasa vasorum be found in large veins?
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Yes, e.g. vena cava.
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Are the merocrine and endocrine sweat glands under SS or PS control?
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SS.
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Classify the merocrine sweat glands.
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Simple coiled tubular gland.
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During striated muscle contraction, what happens to titin? A-bands? Z-lines?
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Titin becomes compressed.
A-bands remain the same. Z-discs shorten. I-bands shorten. Basically, everything shortens or moves closer to one another excepot the A-bands remain the same. |
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How is longitudinal bone growth terminated?
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By closure of epiphyseal plate.
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What is enclosed by the epineurium?
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The PNS (not the CNS!)
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What is a collection of CNS neurons called which share similar morphology and function?
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Nuclei.
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What two layers in the cornea have the ability to regenerate?
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The epithelium (basal cells), and Descmet's membrane.
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What is the site of stem cells for the cornea?
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The limbus (corneoscleraljunction).
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Which layer in the cilliary process epithelium of the eye has pigments?
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The outer layer has pigmented epithelium.
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What is accommodation (as it relates to the eye)? What structure is involved in accommodation?
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Adjustment of the focal point of the lens. This is done by constricting or relaxing the cilliary muslce.
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Glaucoma
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Collalgen deposits on the trabecular meshwork, leading to blochage of aquous humor flow. This leads to increased intraocular pressure.
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Fovea is surrounded by what?
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Macula lutea.
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What parts of the retina is supplied by the central artery?
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The inner 2/3 of neural retina (everything except photoreceptors and pigmented epithelium). Choriocapillaries supplies the outer 1/3.
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Presbyopia
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Lens is resistant to accommodation.
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What covers the cornea on the outside?
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From inside to outside:
Mucus layer (goblet cells of conjunctiva) Watery layer (lacrimal gland) Oil layer (meibomian glands in tarsal plate) |
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What secretes the perilymph of the ear?
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Blood vessels of the CT.
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What secretes Endolymph in the ear?
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Stria vascularis.
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