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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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simple Duct System
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simple- single unbranched duct
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compound duct system
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branching duct system
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cellular organization of secretory portion
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tubule- straight, coiled, branchedf
acinar- spherical collections of cells |
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gland organization types
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simple tubular, simple branched acinar, mixed, compound tubular or compound acinar
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saliva
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complex fluid product of serous and mucous glands that lubricates oral cavity, helps dissolve food for tast bud function, moistens food for swallowing
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digestive role of saliva
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contains amylases and lipases to facilitae digestion
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protective role of saliva
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host defense functions, lysozymes, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin A produced by resident B cells and plasma cells
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Major Salivary glands-
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Major Salivary glands-
1) Parotid Submandibular/Submaxillary Sublingual 2. Exocrine Pancreas 3. Liver |
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saliva production
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produced by parotid, submandibular/submaxillary and
sublingual salivary glands- compound tubuloalveolar glands with ducts emptying into the oral cavity. |
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parotid salivary gland
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Parotid-Largest salivary gland-serous gland with serous acini. (almost all serous with a little fat)
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submaxillary/mandibular
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mixed with serous> mucous acini (look larger)
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sublingual
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Sublingual-mixed, with mucous > serous acini (look smaller)
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mixed acinus
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When samples are prepared with rapid cryofixation and fixation,
Serous and mucous cells line up adjacent to each other Myoepithelial cells surround acinus. Basement membrane present. |
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demilune
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an artifact previously thought to be key component of mixed acinus
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describe duct system of salivary glands
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intercalated ducts lined by cuboidal epi that get secretion from acini
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striated ducts of salivary glands
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Several intercalated ducts join to form striated ducts-plump epithelial cells that may have visible striations in their cytoplasm and tend to be intensely eosinophilic.
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How do striated ducts drain?
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Striated ducts draining each lobule join to form interlobular ducts and excretory ducts. Epithelium lining these segments can be stratified cuboidal epithelial cells.
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Why called striated ducts?
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Striated ducts draining each lobule join to form interlobular ducts and excretory ducts. Epithelium lining these segments can be stratified cuboidal epithelial cells.
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exocrine pancreas
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makes degradative enzymes to help digest food, mostly stored in cytoplasmic granules of pancreatic acinar cells (zymogen granules). these are secreted in a watery alkaline fluid that serves to neutralize teh gastic acid.
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Organization of exocrine pancreas
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similar to parotid gland, but: epithelium of intercalated duct projects into the lumun of the acinus-centroacinar cells, no striated ducts, presence of islets in the pancreas
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liver description
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largest gland in the body, displaye both endocrine and exocrine function. Receives blood from gut tube, processes/stores nutrients, interconverts glucose and glycogen. exocrine function, protein synthessis, chemical modification of metabolites/drugs.
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exocrine function of liver
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production of bile, synthesis of many proteins found in the blood including: albumin, coagulation factors, growth factors, chemical modification
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organization of liver
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delicate tissue, some CT (has delicate capsule and serosa, organized array of ep. cells- hepatocytes- in a roughly hexagonal pattern.
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functional unit of liver
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lobule, which is defined by vascular organization.
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hepatic vein
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brings blood from gut
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central vein
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means of egress for blood from lobule of liver
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Space of Disse
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basically sieves so that blood has no impediment to interact with hepatocytes in space b/w the two.
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Arrangement of hepatocytes
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Hepatocytes are arranged as cords of cells separated by venous sinusoids that
are lined by fenestrated endothelium and occasional macrophages (Kupffer cells). As blood passes through the sinusoids toward the central vein, there is ample opportunity for the hepatocytes to interact with the blood. |
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kupfer cells
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secondary site for removal of old RBC instead of spleen.
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hepatic triad
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artery, vein and bile duct
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what makes bile?
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hepatocytes
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how does bile get out?
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bile ducts around peripheray. Hepatocytes line up and form channel between hepatocytes. They secrete bile into channel they've made and bile flows opp direction from blood, leaves from duct in triad.
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how is channel made b/w hepatocytes?
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tight juction to make seal b/w membrane to make channel. visible in lecture slide 24 as white dots b/w hepatocytes)
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How does liver work as an exocrine gland?
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liver has lobules organized around a central bile duct that drains ductules or tributaries from 3 adjacent lobules. Duct in triad receives bile from multiple sources.
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How does liver work in the acinar model?
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Based on blood perfusion of lobules. Peripheray of lobule sees most O2 and material absorbed by gut. Patterns of hepato-toxicity/glycogen metabolism.
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Zones in acinar model of liver
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Zone 1 gets highest concentration of XXX, zone 2 and then 3 get less concentration. Zone 1 gets damaged first.
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Biliary cirrhosis
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inflammation of liver and efacement, expansion of CT, biliary has to do with duct, Delicate CT is scarred and becomes huge. Changing liver organization.
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Centriolobar necrosis
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From toxic drug / metabolites intermediate processing
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gall bladder
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tube lined with folded ep. that gets and stores bile secrection from liver. Ep. concentrates bile 10 to 50x by water removal. Sac-like structure with SM and CT. Lacks the layered organization of the gut and that the
epithelium lacks goblet cells or crypts. |
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Differentiate gall bladder from gut tissue
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No loose CT, no MM, no villi
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