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104 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

2 types of follicular cells in the ovary and their functions

Granulosa Cells: secrete proteins, convert androgens to estrogens, steroid synthesis



Theca Cells: secrete androgen when stimulated by LH (leutinizing hormone)

When is an oocyte a primary or secondary oocyte?

Primary prior to first meiotic division, secondary prior to second meiotic devision

Identify the components of the germinal epithelium

Identify the stage of follicles and where they are seen in the ovary cross section

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here?
 

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here?


Primordial


Simple Squamous Epithelium

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here? 
 

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here?


Primary


-Simple cuboidal epithelium


-Granulosa cells divide due to FSH influence


-ZP starts being laid down

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here? Describe what is happening.
 
 

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here? Describe what is happening.



Early Secondary


-Stratified cuboidal epithelium


-Antrum is beginning to form. Thecal cells are developing around the follicle perimeter and zona pellucida is forming


-Thecal cells synthesize androstenedione that granulosa cells convert to estrogen

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here? What is indicated by the red arrow? Describe what is happening.
 
 

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here? What is indicated by the red arrow? Describe what is happening.



Late Secondary


-Stratified cuboidal epithelium


-Antrum (red arrow) is growing. Thecal cells are developing around the follicle perimeter and zona pellucida is forming


-Thecal cells synthesize androstenedione that granulosa cells convert to estrogen

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here? What is indicated by the red arrow? Describe what is happening.

What stage is the following follicle? What epithelium is seen here? What is indicated by the red arrow? Describe what is happening.

Tertiary Follicle (Graafian)


-Stratified cuboidal epithelium


-Cumulous oophorus is now around the oocyte. Corona radiata is anchored to the zona pellucida and Liquor folliculi present


-Red arrow = antrum


-Under LH influence gap junctions close, completion of meiosis I, transition to II (except canines), ready for ovulation

What layer immediately surrounds the mature follicle?

Zona pellucida

What are the layers of cells directly around the oocyte called?

Cumulous oophorus


-first layer is the corona radiata

How does a developing oocyte communicate with the rest of the follicle?

-Zona pellucida communcates with corona radiata


-These granulosa cells have extensions that attach to oocyte via gap and adherens junctions to feed it until ovulation so the oocyte does not deplete it's own stores.

What layer of the follicle will form the corpus luteum?

Outermost granulosa cells, known as mural cells

Tertiary follicle

What happens if a tertiary follicle is not ovulated?

Undergoes atresia

What structure within the ovary is pictured here?

Corpus albigans - corpus luteum transitioning to scar tissue

What structure within the ovary is pictured here?
 

What structure within the ovary is pictured here?


Corpus Luteum - still alive and active with theca cells

What structure within the ovary is pictured here?
 

What structure within the ovary is pictured here?


Corpus Luteum - still alive and active with theca cells

What structure within the ovary is pictured here?

What structure within the ovary is pictured here?

Atritic follicle with zona pellucida - remnant of a non-viable oocytes within ZP

What cells within the ovary are the arrows pointing to?
 

What cells within the ovary are the arrows pointing to?


Corpus luteum: 1. Granulosa Lutein Cells (large)

2. Theca Lutein cells (small)

What hormones does the CL secrete?

Progesterone


Estrogen


Relaxin

What structure in the female repro tract is pictured here? Label it

What structure in the female repro tract is pictured here? Label it

Name the three parts of the uterine tube in order from the ovary.

Infudibulum


Ampulla


Isthmus

What section of the uterus is this?

What section of the uterus is this?

Ampulla of uterine tube - numerous and tall mucosal folds. Muscularis better developed than infundibulum, but not as thick as in isthmus. Pseudostratified epithelium composed of ciliated columnar and goblet cells

What section of the uterus is this?

What section of the uterus is this?

Isthmus of uterine tube - Circular smooth muscle layer thickest here. Thrown up into longitudinal folds less pronounced than in ampulla

What are the two main cell types within the uterine tube?

Peg cells


Cilliated cells

Identify where in the female repro tract this is and the components.

Identify where in the female repro tract this is and the components.

Identify the following within the uterus.
 

Identify the following within the uterus.


Uterine glands - secrete things like glycogen to create a supportive environment before the placenta forms

Identify the structure indicated in the uterus
 

Identify the structure indicated in the uterus


Caruncles

Identify the structure within the uterus

Identify the structure within the uterus

Caruncles

What kind of epithelium is found at the cervix?

Simple columnar

What kind of epithelium is found in the vagina?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Name four cells types in/around the seminiferous tubules

-Germ cells (spermatogonium, spermatocyes, spermatids, spermatozoon)


-Sertoli cells


-Boundary cells (myoid cells)


-Interstitial cells (mesenchymal, Leydig, vasculature)

What are Sertoli cells and what are some identifying features of them?

- The "bouncers" that decide what gets through into tubules. Form tight junctions so everything must go through them to get in. They also provide growth factors to sperm, capture androgens and estradiol


-Pale oval or triangular nucleus


-Tall cells with long axis radial towards lumen of seminiferous tubule

What are spermatogonium and what do they look like?

- Immature spermatogenic cells that undergo mitotic divisions to become primary spermatocytes


-Small, round cells with dark, round nuclei that lie adjacent to the basement membrane

In which areas of the testes will you find cilia?

Rete testis and efferent ductules

What type of epithelium lines the epididymus?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Describe how the wall of the epididymus changes from head to tail

The epithelium gets thinner (almost cuboidal by tail) and the muscle layer gets thicker.

Ductus Deferens

What kind of epithelium lines the prostate?

Pseudostratified columnar

Describe the prostate on a histological level

The gland consists of epithelium lined channels (psuedostratified columnar) passing through a stroma of dense irregular connective tissue and abundant smooth muscle.

Name the three layers of the eye

sclera/cornea


Vascular or uveal layer


Retinal layer

Name the chambers of the eye

Anterior chamber and Posterior chamber (filled with aqueous humor)


Vitreous chamber (vitreous humor)

What is the outer scleral layer called? What is it made of?

Tenon's capsule


-made of dense irregular connective tissue and continuous with anterior corneal layer


-maintains the overall shape of the eye

Cornea


-Covers the anterior portion of the eye and consists of several cellular and acellular layers. The cornea does not contain any blood vessels and corneal cells are supplied with nutrients by diffusing from tear fluid and aqueous humor.

What kind of epithelium is found at the anterior cornea?

Stratified squamous, non-keratinized epithelium with microvilli

What makes up the corneal stroma?

Fibroblasts within a collagen-glycoprotein matrix

What are glands of Moll? Where are they located?

Apocrine sweat glands located near eyelashes.


Secrete IgA and anti-microbial products

What are melbomian glands?

Glands near the eyelashes that secrete sebum to prevent evaporation of tear fluid

What is the choroid?

A component of the middle vascular layer of the eye that together with the ciliary body and iris is also referred to as the uveal tract.


-Made of loose connective tissue containing fibroblasts, macrophages and melanocytes


-highly vascularized

What are melanocytes and what is their function?

Connective tissue-type cells within the choroid that capture light not taken in by receptors to prevent it from bouncing around freely within the eye

What layer of the choroid is closest to the retina?

Choriocapillary layer (choriocappilaris)


-contains a dense capillary layer

What part of the choroid faces the retina?

Bruch's membrane

Describe the flow of aqueous humor through the eye

Aqueous humor is produced by the non-pigmented epithelial layer of the ciliary body, flows from the posterior into the anterior chamber and is drained at the limbus by the trabecular meshwork through the Canal of Schlemm

What regulates thickness of the lens? What is this process called?

Ciliary smooth muscles through accommodation


-They can only dilate, constriction is elasticity of lens


-under parasympathetic control

What embryonic structure does the lens form out of?

Embryonic lens vesicle

What controls access from choroid into retina?

Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)

Name 6 functions of the retinal pigmented epithelium

1. absorption of light


2. epithelial transport - tight junction as barrier between blood


3. spatial buffering of ions


4. visual recycle - re-isomerization of trans-retinal proteins


5. phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer membrane when damaged


6. secretion of signalling molecules

optic papilla

Pattern of retinal artery/vein system.



Arrow indicates macula -- area devoid of vessels

Fovea is the indentation. Contains exclusively cones in primates


Inner nuclear layer and ganglion layer are pushed out of the way here for better access to photoreceptors