Histology Digestive Glands Book Ii

Front 1

how does liver get food?

Back 1

portal vein brings food from intestines, except chylomicrons

Front 2

where are portal spaces?

Back 2

periphery of liver lobule

Front 3

where's vein of lobule?

Back 3

center- central vein

Front 4

what kind of epithelium does bile duct have?

Back 4

cuboidal epithelium

Front 5

are lobules separated by conn tissue or close?

Back 5

close in humans

Front 6

what's the direction of hepatocytes in the lobule?

Back 6

cellular plates directed from periphery to center

Front 7

what's in space b/w hepatocytes?

Back 7

bile canaliculi

Front 8

what surrounds the lobule?

Back 8

portal space

Front 9

what separates plates of hepatocytes?

Back 9

sinusoidal capillaries

Front 10

what's the space of Disse?

Back 10

-subendothelial space
-separates the endothelial cells from hepatocytes

Front 11

what can flow into the space of Disse? what can't?

Back 11

can- plasma
can't- cellular elements

Front 12

what allows things to flow into space of Disse?

Back 12

fenestrae and discontinuity of endothelium

Front 13

what 2 places can exchange occur b/w via space of Disse?

Back 13

sinusoidal lumen to hepatocytes

Front 14

what happens at the basolateral side of hepatocyte?

Back 14

this lines the space of Disse
-has lots of microvilli
-has endocytic and pinocytic activity

Front 15

where are Kupffer cells found?

Back 15

on luminal surface of endothelial cells
within sinusoids
periportal region of liver lobule

Front 16

where are the stellate cells?

Back 16

space of Disse
(perisinusoidal space)

Front 17

what are the funcs of stellate cells?

Back 17

-uptake, storage and release of retinoids
-synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and proteoglycans
-secretion of growth factors and cytokines
-regulation of sinusoidal lumen diameter in response to different regulators

Front 18

what regulators do stellate cells respond to and regulate the sinusoidal lumen diameter?

Back 18

prostaglandins
thromboxane A2

Front 19

what does portal vein turn into?

Back 19

branches into portal venules
--> central vein
--> sublobular vein
--> hepatic veins

Front 20

what's the main func of the arterial system?

Back 20

provide adequate amount of oxygen to hepatocytes

Front 21

what does hepatic artery branch and form?

Back 21

interlobular arteries

Front 22

what's the shape of hepatocytes? size?

Back 22

polyhedral w/ 6 or more surfaces
have diameter of 20-30 micrometers

Front 23

describe hepatocyte cytoplasm:

Back 23

eosinophilic b/c lots of mitochondria and smooth ER

Front 24

how are hepatocytes in contact w/ sinusoid walls?

Back 24

space of Disse

Front 25

the boundaries of a hepatocyte touching another hepatocyte is marked by what?

Back 25

bile canaliculus

Front 26

what are canaliculi?

Back 26

first parts of the bile duct system
-limited only by plasma membranes of 2 hepatocytes and have a small amount of microvilli

Front 27

how are cell membranes of hepatocytes near canaliculi joined?

Back 27

tight juncs

Front 28

how big are canaliculi?

Back 28

1-2 micrometers in diameter

Front 29

what's route of bile canaliculi?

Back 29

complex anastomosing network along liver lobule plates and stop in region of portal spaces

Front 30

what direction does bile go in?

Back 30

opposite of blood
-from center of lobule to periphery

Front 31

what does bile enter at periphery?

Back 31

bile ductules/ Hering's canals

Front 32

what type of cells make up Hering's canals?

Back 32

cuboidal cells

Front 33

what do Hering's canals do?

Back 33

cross limiting hepatocytes of lobule and end in bile ducts in portal spaces

Front 34

what are bile ducts lined by?

Back 34

cuboidal or columnar epithelium

Front 35

what do bile ducts form when they enlarge and fuse?

Back 35

right and left hepatic ducts, that leave the liver

Front 36

how many nuclei does hepatocyte have?

Back 36

1 or 2 rounded nuclei w/ 1 or 2 nucleoli

Front 37

do hepatocytes have ER?

Back 37

yes! smooth and rough!

Front 38

what are rough ER bodies called?

Back 38

basophilic bodies

Front 39

where's glycogen in HEPATOCYTE?

Back 39

CLOSE TO smooth ER

Front 40

what's more localized in perilobular region?

Back 40

oxygen
extrahepatic hormones
key glucose liberating enzymes
key fatty acid oxidation enzymes

Front 41

what are the first cells to respond to glucose poor blood by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

Back 41

perilobular cells

Front 42

when do intermediate and centrolobular regions respond to fasting conditions?

Back 42

when glycogen in peripheral cells was depleted

Front 43

what type of cells line the hepatic, cystic and common bile ducts?

Back 43

simple columnar epithelium

Front 44

how much bile can gallbladder store?

Back 44

30-50 mL of bile

Front 45

describe wall of gallbladder:

Back 45

mucosa made of simple columnar epithelium and lamina propria
layer of smooth muscle
perimuscular conn tissue layer
serous membrane

Front 46

what type of glands are in gallbladder near cystic duct?

Back 46

tubuloacinar mucous glands --> make mucus in bile

Front 47

is gallbladder mucosa smooth or does it have folds?

Back 47

folds

Front 48

what's the main func of gallbladder?

Back 48

store bile
concentrate bile by absorbing water
release bile into digestive tract at right time

Front 49

how does gallbladder concentrate bile?

Back 49

uses active Na-transporting mech in gallbladder's epithelium
-water absorption is an osmotic consequence of sodium pump

Front 50

what induces contraction of smooth muscle of gallbladder?

Back 50

CCK!!!

Front 51

how do you get gallstones?

Back 51

too much cholesterol or not enough bile acids