Histology- Connective Tissue

Front 1

What are 2 general characteristics about CT?

Back 1

1. high ratio of intercellular fluid to cells - except in adipose
2. varying vascularity

Front 2

What type of cells and fibers makes up CT?

Back 2

Wandering vs residet cell
Collagen, elastic and reticular fiber

Front 3

What does the fiberblasts make?

Back 3

for all 3 fiber types and the surrounding amorphous ground substances

Front 4

What are characterists that brown fat has?

Back 4

1. numerous mitochondria
2. function is to provide heat
3.brown because of numerous mitochondria enzymes
4. common in hibernating animals and

Front 5

What is the general function of adipose?

Back 5

1. energy storage
2. provide insulation
3. produce heat
4. provide protection

Front 6

What is adipose cells held together with/

Back 6

a retucular fiber meshwork

Front 7

What is the abnormal CT characteristic of adipose?

Back 7

that is has a low intercellular matrix to cell ratio

Front 8

What are 2 examples of fixed cells in CT?

Back 8

1. fibroblasts/fibrocyte
2. adipose

Front 9

What does a macrophage develop from?

Back 9

a monocyte

Front 10

What is the macrophage contain a lot of ?

Back 10

lysosomes and phagosomes (partially digested material)

Front 11

What is the function of a macrophage?

Back 11

its a scavenger and "cleans" the CT

Front 12

What are mast cells filled with?

Back 12

heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (leaky vessels) - which are basophilic

Front 13

Where are mast cells most commonly found?

Back 13

near blood vessels

Front 14

What are mast cells believed to arise from/

Back 14

basophils

Front 15

What is an important role of mast cells?

Back 15

allergy development

Front 16

What causes mast cells to degranulate?

Back 16

1. specific antigen/antibody interaction at their cell surface
2. response to direct trauma-rubbing itchy eyes

Front 17

What type of antibody receptor does mast cells have?

Back 17

IgE

Front 18

What do plasma cells arise from?

Back 18

B-lymphocytes - oe divison of small circulating lymphocytes

Front 19

What are 2 characteristics of plasma cells stucture?

Back 19

1. a displaced (eccentric) nucleus
2. highly basophilic cytoplasm

Front 20

Why is the nucleus displaced in plasma cells?

Back 20

Due to the large amounts of rER

Front 21

What is the function of plasma cells?

Back 21

to produce a specific Ig when stimulated from a certain antigen

Front 22

Besides plasma cells and mast cells what are some other wondering cells in CT?

Back 22

Other blood related cells - lympthocytes, polymorphs, eosinophils

Front 23

What is collage created by?

Back 23

fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, or odontoblasts

Front 24

What amino acids does college contain that is unique to collagen?

Back 24

hydroxyprolein and hydroyxlysine

Front 25

What vitamin is required for the synthesis of collagen?

Back 25

Vitamin C

Front 26

Why is vitamin C required to make collagen?

Back 26

hydroxylation of proline and lysine, glycosylation and disulfide bond formation

Front 27

WHat are the names of collagen at the different stages?

Back 27

1. procollagen - triple helix amino acids
2. tropocollagen - after removal of most not helix structures
3. collagen fibrils
4. collagen fibers

Front 28

What is each tropocollagen made of?

Back 28

3 interwinded alpha chains

Front 29

How many different types of collagen? and what does the number indicate?

Back 29

There are 16 different types of collagen. The lower the number the thicker the fiber - it can withstand more

Front 30

What is responsible for both the growth and degradation of collagen?

Back 30

Fibroblasts

Front 31

What are reticular fibers made up of?

Back 31

Type III and sometimes Type IV collagen

Front 32

What makes reticular fibers?

Back 32

fiberblasts, smooth muscle cells, and reticular cells

Front 33

What are reticular fibers closely associated with?

Back 33

The basal lamina

Front 34

What makes up a elastic fiber?

Back 34

combination of glycoprotein microfibils and amorphous protein elastin

Front 35

What joins elastic molecules?

Back 35

covalent bonds-- extensive cross linked network

Front 36

What produces elastic fibers?

Back 36

fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

Front 37

What causes Marfan's syndrome?

Back 37

CT disorder where there is a defect in the fibrillin gene --leads to abnormal elastic tissue

Front 38

Where are oxytalan fibers found? What are they made of?

Back 38

found in the dermis of the skin -- made of microfibrils with little or no amorphous substance

Front 39

What secretes the ground substance?

Back 39

fibroblasts

Front 40

What are the main components of ground substance?

Back 40

proteoglycans,glycosaminoglycans (GACs)

Front 41

What are the two most common GACs in CT?

Back 41

chondroitin sulfate ad keratan sulfate

Front 42

What are proteoglycan aggregates formed by?

Back 42

1. axial hyaluronan molecule
2. core proteins attached to hyaluronan by linker proteins
3. glycosaminoglycans - attached to the linker proteins

Front 43

What is the functional role of ECM?

Back 43

provides a dynamic system in which all matrix components interact with the cells of the CT

Front 44

When does degradation of ECM usually occur?

Back 44

during devlopment, growth and repair of tissues

Front 45

What enzyme is also capable of ECM degradation?

Back 45

Matrix metalloproteinases when activated in the ECM

Front 46

Where is Loose CT usually found?

Back 46

in mesentery and under epithelial sheets - lamina propria

Front 47

Where is dense Irregular CT found?

Back 47

In the dermis of skin

Front 48

Where is dense regular CT found?

Back 48

in tendons and ligaments

Front 49

What are CT fasciles? Where can you find CT fasciles?

Back 49

Dense Regular - fascicles - collagen fibers densely packed and organized into parallel array