Histology Cartilage

Front 1

A weight-bearing CT found where both support and flexibility are needed.

Back 1

Cartilage

Front 2

Cartilage is found where _____ and _____ are needed.

Back 2

support and flexibility

Front 3

Cartilage is composed of:
1)
2)
3)

Back 3

1) Chondrocytes
2) Ground Substance
3) CT fibers

Front 4

What two things make up the extracellular matrix?

Back 4

Ground substance
CT fibers

Front 5

The ____ matrix is avascular.

Back 5

cartilage

Front 6

How do chondrocytes get their nutrition?

Back 6

By diffusion of substances through the matrix.

Front 7

Why is it important that the ECM in cartilage doesn't have too much collagen?

Back 7

If you have tons of collagen it will become tightly packed and choke off the chondrocytes (which rely on diffusion).

Front 8

In cartilage:
______ embryonic cells give rise to ________ which become ________ cells.

Back 8

Chondrogenic embryonic cells
Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes

Front 9

Cartilage cells actively making ground substance and Type II Collagen are called?

Back 9

Chondroblasts

Front 10

Cartilage cells surrounded by matrix are called?

Back 10

Chondrocytes

Front 11

In what type of cartilage do you find lacunae?

Back 11

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 12

What is an isogenous group?

Back 12

Cell nest of 2-4 chondrocytes.

Front 13

These cartilage cells make and maintain the cartilage matrix.

Back 13

Chondrocytes

Front 14

An amorphous gel consisting mainly of proteoglycans and the glycoprotein chondronectin.

Back 14

Ground substance

Front 15

In what glycoprotein are the CT fibers of cartilage embedded?

Back 15

Chondronectin

Front 16

What is contained in the proteoglycan aggregates of the ground substance of cartilage?

Back 16

Chondroitin
Keratan Sulfate
Hyaluronic Acid

Front 17

CT fibers in hylaine cartilage are generally what type?

Back 17

Type II Collagen

Front 18

How does the matrix of hyaline cartilage stain and why?
What can cause this to vary?

Back 18

Acidphilic due to its collagen fibers.
This can vary with age and location in the body.

Front 19

What is the matrix immediately surrounding the lacune called?

Back 19

Territorial Matrix

Front 20

How does the Territorial Matrix stain and why?

Back 20

More basophilic (usually) because it is newly formed and is poor in collagen but rich in glycosaminoglycans.

Front 21

Perichondrium
Where & What?

Back 21

A vascular membrane that surrounds all hyaline cartilage except for hyaline articular cartilage.

Front 22

What are the layers of the Perichondrium?

Back 22

Outer= Fibrous
Inner= Chondrogenic

Front 23

Fibrous Layer of Perichondrium
Made of?
Vascularity?

Back 23

Outer Layer of Perichondrium.
Made of Type I Collagen Fibers and Fibroblasts (Dense Irregular CT).
Vascular.
Has little perforations in the dense irregular CT for blood vessels to pierce through.

Front 24

Chondrogenic Layer of Perichondrium.
Whats in it?

Back 24

Deep to the Fibrous Layer.
Consists of undifferentiated cells that give rise to chondrocytes.

Front 25

What are the two types of cartilage growth?

Back 25

1) Appositional Growth
2) Interstitial Growth

Front 26

Appositional Growth
Process?

Back 26

Cells of the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium differentiate into chondroblasts.
The chondroblasts lay down cartilage matrix under the perichondrium.
Like layers of paint.

Front 27

Interstitial Growth
Process?

Back 27

Chondrocytes within the matrix divide and the daughter cells lay down more matrix. (Possible because cartilage is soft and malleable.)
Resembles bread dough rising. (Enlarges from the inside.)

Front 28

In general, the closer a cell is to the perichondrium, the ____ active it is.

Back 28

more

Front 29

What are the three types of cartilage?

Back 29

1) Hyaline
2) Elastic
3) Fibrocartilage

Front 30

Most long bones in a fetus start out as _________ and are later replaced by bone.

Back 30

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 31

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Back 31

Developing skeleton
Articular Cartilage
Tracheal Rings
Some of the Laryngeal Cartilages
Nose
Ventral Ends of Ribs

Front 32

What is the most common type of cartilage?

Back 32

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 33

Type of cartilage?
long bones in fetus

Back 33

Hyaline

Front 34

Type of cartilage?
Articular Cartilage

Back 34

Hyaline

Front 35

Type of cartilage?
Tracheal Rings

Back 35

Hyaline

Front 36

Type of cartilage?
Nose

Back 36

Hyaline

Front 37

Type of cartilage?
Ventral ends of ribs

Back 37

Hyaline

Front 38

Where is Elastic Cartilage found?

Back 38

External Ear
Eustachian Tube
Epiglottis
Some laryngeal cartilages (where you need extra resiliency)

Front 39

Type of cartilage?
External Ear

Back 39

Elastic

Front 40

Type of cartilage?
Eustachian tube

Back 40

Elastic

Front 41

Type of cartilage?
Epiglottis

Back 41

Elastic

Front 42

Type of cartilage?
Some Laryngeal Cartilages (when you need extra resiliency)

Back 42

Elastic

Front 43

What kind of fibers are in Elastic cartilage?

Back 43

ELASTIC fibers and Type II Collagen Fibers

Front 44

More/less cell nests are found in Elastic Cartilage than in Hyaline Cartilage?

Back 44

Less

Front 45

Elastic cartilage is surrounded by a _______, like _______ cartilage.

Back 45

Perichondrium
Hyaline

Front 46

This type of cartilage is found where support and tensile strength are needed.

Back 46

Fibrocartilage

Front 47

Where is Fibrocartilage found?

Back 47

Tendon insertions
Annulos Fibrosis of IV disc
Pubic Symphysis
Articular Discs
Menisci of Knee

Front 48

Type of cartilage?
tendon insertions

Back 48

Fibrocartilage

Front 49

Type of cartilage?
annulus fibrosis

Back 49

Fibrocartilage

Front 50

Type of cartilage?
Pubic symphysis

Back 50

Fibrocartilage

Front 51

Type of cartilage?
Mensici of knees

Back 51

Fibrocartilage

Front 52

What gives the matrix of Fibrocartilage a deeply acidophilic (eosiniphilic) appearance?

Back 52

Type I Collagen Fibers

Front 53

What kind of collagen does Fibrocartilage have?

Back 53

Type I AND Type II Collagen

Front 54

In this type of cartilage, the chondrocytes tend to line up in rows between the collagen fibers.

Back 54

Fibrocartilage

Front 55

This type of cartilage does not have a perichondrium.

Back 55

Fibrocartilage

Front 56

What is the only type of cartilage that contains Type I Collagen?

Back 56

Fibrocartilage

Front 57

Is Fibrocartilage easily repaired? Why or why not?

Back 57

NO.
There is no perichondrium so very little nutrients get through making it extremely hard to repair fibrocartilage.