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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two classes of cells in nervous tissue? |
Neurons and Supporting cells (glial cells) |
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What is the purpose of glial cells? |
Structural and nutritional support and electrical insulation |
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What are the 4 different types of glial cells? |
Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) Astrocytes, Microglial Cells, and Ependymal Cells |
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What is a ganglion? |
A collection of peripheral nerve cell bodies with efferent and afferent axons as well as glial cells |
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What are the 4 components of a neuron? |
The cell body(soma or perikaryon), dendrites, the axon, and the cytoskeleton |
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What are two components of the cytoskeleton of the neuron? What are their functions? |
1. Neurofilament- Intermediate filament of nerve cells; this component acts as the structural support to keep the shape of the axon and cell body 2. Microtubules- transport substances up and down the axon |
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What is the difference between anterograde and retrograde transport in neurons? |
Anterograde transports carries signals from the dendrites to the synapse using kinesin. Retrograde carries signals from the synapse to the dendrites using dynein. |
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What is the purpose of the oligodendrocytes? |
They form the myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS. |
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What is the purpose of Schwann cells? |
They are the equivalent of oligodendrocytes in the PNS. They enclose axons. |
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What are the Nodes of Ranvier and why are they necessary? |
Nodes of Ranvier are small areas of the axon not enclosed by Schwann cells. They increase the efficiency of nerve conduction. |
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What do astrocytes do? |
They regulate the ion and metabolite levels as well as glial scar formation. |
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What cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein do the processes of astrocytes contain? |
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) |
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What is the purpose of microglia? |
Debris-clearing scavengers. Related to macrophages. |
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Where are ependymal cells located? |
They line cerebral ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord |
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What is a distinguishing characteristic of ependymal cells? |
They are similar to epithelial cells except they LACK a basement membrane. |
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What are the three types of connective tissue that cover peripheral nerve cells? |
Epineurium, Perineurium, and Endoneurium |
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What is the function of the epineurium and what does it consist of? |
Epineurium binds together individual nerve fascicles into a nerve trunk. It consists of an outer sheath of loose fibrocollagenous tissue. |
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What is the function of perineurium?
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It surrounds groups of axons and endoneurium to form fascicles(small bundles). |
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What is the function of the endoneurium?
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It surrounds individual axons and their associated Schwann cells and capillary blood vessels. |
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What are the meninges and what does they comprise of? |
The meninges are membranes covering and supporting the CNS. They consist of fibrocollagenous support tisssue and epithelial cells. |
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What are the three layers of the meninges and describe them. |
1. Dura mater- tough outer layer of dense connective tissue 2. Arachnoid mater- layer of loose connective tissue; subarachnoid space contains cerebral spinal fluid 3. Pia mater- thin layer of loose connective tissue that adheres to surface |
