Histology

Front 1

Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular? Is connective tissue vascular or avascular?

Back 1

Epithelial tissue = avascular
Connective tissue = vascular

Front 2

What connects epithelium to underlying connective tissue?

Back 2

Basement membrane

Front 3

What are goblet cells?

Back 3

Scatterd between columnar epithelial cells, secrete mucous

Front 4

Where do you find stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium?

Back 4

cells lining the mouth, esophagus, vagina, and anal canal.

Front 5

Where do you find stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?

Back 5

fingernails, toenails, hair, and the skin (epidermis)

Front 6

Where do you find simple columnar epithelium?

Back 6

lining the intestine, the gallbladder, the Fallopian tubes, and some of the respiratory passages.

Front 7

Where do you find simple cuboidal epithelium?

Back 7

covers the ovaries, lines a portion of the kidney tubules, and lines the thyroid gland, salivary glands,
liver, and pancreas.

Front 8

What shape is the nucleus in cuboidal epithelium?

Back 8

Round

Front 9

What is the loose ordinary connective tissue immediately surrounding a muscle cell called?

Back 9

Endomysium

Front 10

What is the connective tissue surrounding a fasicle (bundle of muscle fibers) called?

Back 10

Perimysium

Front 11

What are the different types of cartilage?

Back 11

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Front 12

What are cells of cartilage called?

Back 12

Chondrocytes

Front 13

What are the layers of connective tissue surrounding the CNS?

Back 13

Dura Mater (outer), Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

Front 14

What is inside the subarachnoid space?

Back 14

Nerve roots and CSF

Front 15

What is located in the white matter?

Back 15

Nerve fibers, glial cells, and blood vessels

Front 16

What is located in the gray matter?

Back 16

Cell bodies (perikarya) of neurons, glial cells, nerve fibers, and blood vessels

Front 17

How can you tell the difference between dendrites and axon hillocks?

Back 17

Nissl substance extend into dendrites but not into axon hillocks

Front 18

Which one is bigger neuron cell body or glial cell body?

Back 18

Neuron

Front 19

How can you identify melanin pigment

Back 19

Brown color in the basal layers of epidermis

Front 20

What is the papillary of the dermis composed of?

Back 20

Type I and Type III collagen and elastic fibers

Front 21

How can you identify the difference between the papillary layer and the reticular layer of dermis?

Back 21

Reticular layer has thicker, coarser bundles of type I collage

Front 22

What is the most superficial layer of epidermis called?

Back 22

Statum Corneum

Front 23

What type of epithelium is characteristic of the ducts in sweat glands?

Back 23

Stratified (2 layers) cuboidal epithelium (one of the few places you will find this type of epithelium)

Front 24

Describe a hair follicle

Back 24

Oval shaped:
Outer Dermal Sheath (dense connective tissue)
Epithelial Root Sheath
Inner Hair Shaft (keratinized cells)

Front 25

What are arrector pili muscles?

Back 25

Bundles of smooth muscle fibers that connect papillary layer of dermis to connective tissue of hair follicle. They are innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers (make hair stand up)

Front 26

Which has thinner wall - vein or artery?

Back 26

Vein

Front 27

Are autonomic neurons pseudounipolar or multipolar?

Back 27

Multipolar

Front 28

What is neurilemma?

Back 28

Outermost layer of nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system

Front 29

What is ependyma?

Back 29

- type of glial cell
- simple cuboidal epithelium
- line brain ventricles
- help with CSF production

Front 30

What are microglial cells?

Back 30

Phagocytic brain cells

Front 31

What are astrocytes?

Back 31

- star shaped glial cells
- brain cells that help create blood -brain barrier
-scavenge stray ions

Front 32

What are oligodendroglias?

Back 32

Form myelin for CNS cells

Front 33

What is endoneurium?

Back 33

Loose connective tissue that surrounds nerve fiber in PNS

Front 34

What is perineurium?

Back 34

Dense connective tissue that surrounds fasicle of nerve fibers

Front 35

What are cardiac intercalated discs made up of?

Back 35

Desmosomes, Fascia Adherens, and Gap Junctions

Front 36

How are myosin binding sites in actin uncovered?

Back 36

Interaction between calmodulin-bound calcium and caldesmon

Front 37

What is the main type of collagen found in bone?

Back 37

Type I

Front 38

What are canniculi?

Back 38

The "tunnels" that connect osteocytes

Front 39

What are Howship's lacunae?

Back 39

The lacunae around osteoclasts

Front 40

What is Wolff's Law

Back 40

“Every change in the form and function of a bone or their function alone is followed by
certain definite changes in their internal architecture” (aka if you don't use it, you lose it)

Front 41

What happens when serum calcium levels fall?

Back 41

1. Parathyroid release PTH
2. PTH promotes osteocytis osteolysis
3. PTH stimulates osteoblasts to upregulate M-CSF and RANKL
4. Osteoclast activity increases, releasing more Ca to serum

Front 42

Which type of bone is arranged into osteons (Haversion system)?

Back 42

Compact bone

Front 43

Where do you find woven bone?

Back 43

At sites of rapid deposition (e.g. fetus, site of healing fracture)

Front 44

What anchors the periosteum to the bone matrix?

Back 44

Sharpey's fibers

Front 45

What expression factor is expressed when progenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts?

Back 45

CBFA1