Histology

Front 1

Connective Tissue Classification

Back 1

Loose, dense, neither

Front 2

Loose CT

Back 2

Areolar, reticular, and adipose

Front 3

Dense CT

Back 3

Dense irregular, dense regular

Front 4

Neither Category of CT

Back 4

Cartilage, bone, blood, and sometimes lymphoid tissue

Front 5

Connective Tissue made up of

Back 5

cells + extracellular matrix

Front 6

extracellular matrix made up of

Back 6

fibrous component and ground substance

Front 7

Fibers in ECM

Back 7

collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers and sheets

Front 8

ground substance

Back 8

fills space with semi-fluid gel made of carbs and proteins, water or tissue fluids, and ions

Front 9

collagen fibers (most common)

Back 9

polymers of collagen, high tensile strength (don't stretch), and form eosinophilic bundles in H&E stained tissues

Front 10

reticular fibers

Back 10

thin, branched collagen fibers (type III) take up silver stains and look black or brown

Front 11

elastic fibers

Back 11

stretchy, recoils to original shape, fibers are made of elastin (protein) and microfibrils of another protein (fibrillin) and appear as short branching fibers or bright pink sheets stained in HE

Front 12

Ground substance of ECM

Back 12

amorphous, transparent, semi-fluid gel, usually appears in empty spaces in tissue sections, mix of polysaccs (GAG) and water and ions

Front 13

Resident cells in CT

Back 13

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, reticular cells, adipose cells

Front 14

Immigrant cells

Back 14

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

Front 15

Fibroblasts

Back 15

spindle shaped with long nucleus, actively making proteins (well devel rER and Golgi), secrete macromolecules of ECM (collagen, elastin, proteoglycans)

big role in healing - replace CT

Front 16

Macrophages

Back 16

come from monocytes, round or oval with irregular surface, intracytoplasmic debris, phagocytosis and involvement in immune response

-lysosomes, phagocytic vacuoes

-on EM - can see vacuoles in cytoplasm

-rounder than fibroblasts

Front 17

Mast Cells

Back 17

many eosinophilic granules in cyto, pale central and oval nucleus, histamine and heparin granules, originate from bone marrow

Front 18

plasma cells

Back 18

round cell with basophilic cyto and pale golgi zone, come from B-lymphocytes, round nucleus with clock face, produce antibodies - abundant rER, many present in CT of GI tract and lymphoid organs, resident or immigrant

Front 19

Reticular cells

Back 19

stellate branched cells, a specialized fibroblast that makes reticular fibers, really light tissue and difficult to see with microscopy

Front 20

Unilocular Adipocytes

Back 20

white fat, spherical, or polyhedral, single large lipid fat droplet, peripheral cell nucleus, individ or small clusters are normally seen in loose CT

Front 21

Multilocular Adipocyte

Back 21

many small lipid fat droplets, non-peripheral nucleus, many mitochondria - stains darker because of more protein

Front 22

Areolar Loose CT

Back 22

relatively many cells, many types

fine network of random arranged fibers, lot of white space, right below epithelial layer

Front 23

Areolar Loose CT Locations

Back 23

Just beneath epithelial layer, between muscles, and nerves

Front 24

Components of Areolar Loose CT

Back 24

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, adipocytes, WBCs, collagen, reticular fibers, and elastic fibers

Front 25

Functions of Areolar Loose CT

Back 25

padding, pathways, epithelial support, wound healing

Front 26

Reticular CT

Back 26

fine mesh of reticular fibers and reticular cells that support various types of free cells that may be numerous

Front 27

Reticular CT function

Back 27

meshwork to support cells

Front 28

Reticular CT Components

Back 28

Reticular cells, hematopoietic cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, reticular fibers

Front 29

Reticular cells location

Back 29

liver sinusoids, lymphoid organs, hematopoietic organs

Front 30

Unilocular Adiopose Tissue

Back 30

White fat, for energy storage, shock absorption, and heat insulator

Front 31

Unilocular Adipose Location

Back 31

most organs, subcutis, and foot pads

Front 32

Unilocular Adipose Components

Back 32

Unilocular adipocytes and some reticular fibers

Front 33

Multilocular Adipose Functions

Back 33

generate heat (that's why they have a lot of mitochondria)

Front 34

Multilocular Adipose Location

Back 34

Neonates, rodents, around kidneys in adults

Front 35

Multilocular Adipose Components

Back 35

Multilocular adipocytes and some reticular fibers

Front 36

Dense Irregular CT

Back 36

resists stress in several different directions

Front 37

Dense Irregular CT location

Back 37

widespread, dermis, of skin, submucosa of GI tract

Front 38

Dense Irregular CT appears

Back 38

thick and wavy, randomly arranged collagen bundles. relatively few cells of varying types - fibroblasts and others that are found in loose CT, collagen fibers and elastic fibers

Front 39

Dense Regular CT Functions

Back 39

resist pulling in ONE direction, great strength,

like rope

Front 40

Dense Regular CT locations

Back 40

tendons, ligaments

Front 41

Dense Regular CT Components

Back 41

usually fibroblasts only, usually just collagen, some elastic fibers

Front 42

Dense Regular CT appears

Back 42

orderly, parallel, collagen bundles with few cells, most of which are fibroblasts

Front 43

Cartilage

Back 43

specialized for bearing weight, spanning spaces (nose) with semi rigid tissue,

in adults - joints, external ear, respiratory tract

in fetus - widespread in skeleton (model skeleton gets built on), avascular

Front 44

Cartilage Composition

Back 44

Chondroblasts (actively secrete matrix) lie more toward the outside of the cell, chondrocytes are deeper in the cartilaginous matrix still mitotically active, secrete less than blasts, type of cartilage is determined by the ratio of ground substance to fibers

Front 45

Perichondrium

Back 45

surrounds/borders hyaline and elastic cartilage

Front 46

Cartilage ground substance

Back 46

firm, but resilient, gel-like, polysaccs and water

Front 47

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 47

usually surrounded by perichondrium, few cells embedded in matrix without visible fibers, collagen fibers mainly - not seen in HE, generally basophilic (can stain blue, but can also be any color from blue to pink), no real visible fibers, in nose, larynx, tracheal and bronchial rings, articular surfaces, growth plates of bones

Front 48

Elastic Cartilage

Back 48

resembles hyaline in arrangement of perichondrium and cells, but has bright pink elastic fibers that are more visible, elastic fibers dominate, thin, highly branched fibers visible with HE, in External ear, Ear canal, and Epiglottis, elastic fibers can appear as short black, brown fibers

Front 49

Fibrocartilage

Back 49

coarse, orderly collagenous bundles in parallel or V-shaped orientation, limited chondrocytes and matrical material between collagen bundles, no perichondrium, chondrocytes arranged in lines, located at points of ligament or tendon attachment to the bone, in vertebral discs, menisci, pubic synthesis