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7 Cards in this Set

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IntenHealing of bone fractureded Learning Outcomes

Stage 5
Late repair - Remodeling
Describe the different stages of the healing of bone fracture

Describe the several types of joints



Recognize clinical manifestation of Osteo-arthritis
Healing of bone fracture stages:
Stage 1
Clot Formation:

Stage 2
Tissue death

Stage 3
Early repair – Callus formation

Stage 4
Consolidation of repair

Stage 5
Late repair - Remodeling
Stage 4
Consolidation of repair
In the periosteal collar, three layers can be seen

a. inner- bony trabeculae
b. middle-cartilage
c. outer- proliferating osteogenic cells

Fate of periosteal collars
These grow around the end of each bone fragment until eventually they meet across the gap between the bone ends, thus joining them together.
3 sources for the origin of the new bone
forming cells:
Osteogenic cells in the deep part of the periosteum become activated. Therefore, the periosteum of the bone end thickens considerably;
greatest source for osteogenic cells to repair the fracture.

Osteogenic cells in the endosteum.

Bone marrow cells - especially the pluripotent stem cell differentiate into osteoblasts.
Stage 5
Late repair - Remodeling
Any remaining pieces of dead bone fragments become resorbed and further trabeculated bone replaces them.

Eventually, by the process of remodeling which is influenced by the line of gravity and other forces acting through the fracture site, the bone ends become strongly re-united, the trabeculated bone being converted into compact bone.
, zones tend to disappear, damage to underlying bone causes fracture

Dz called =
Osteo-arthritis

info
Weight- bearing and shock absorber:

Collagen & cell shape in articular cartilage:

Zone 1 : superficial or tangential layer : bundles of collagen are parallel to the articular surface. To form a protective skin. A narrow layer of flattened chondrocytes lie here (gliding)

Zone 2 : transitional zone- collagen here is in the form of numerous overlapping arches. This is an important energy absorbing layer. Chondrocytes are ovoid –to-round in shape.

Zone 3 : deep radial zone. Fibers are at right angles to the surface. These do not respond to loading. Chondrocytes are oriented in columns

Zone 4 : mineralization zone, serves primarily to transfer the load bearing to the subchondral bone plate.
Synovial capsule

Ultrastructure of synovial
membrane:
3ct
The covering cell types are separated by a small amount of connective tissue ground substance.

No basal lamina is seen separating the lining cells from the connective tissue.

Blood capillaries are of the fenestrated type, which facilitates exchange of substances between blood and synovial fluid.