Histo Test 4: Urinary System

Front 1

Fxns of the kidney

Back 1

excretion of waste
elimination of foreign waste
regulation of body H2O
regulation of salts
control Acid/Base

Front 2

Fxns of kidney: Endocrine

Back 2

affects blood formation (erythropoietin)
affects blood pressure (renin)
Vitamin D synthesis

Front 3

Fxns of kidney: Reproductive

Back 3

conveys semen in male urethra

Front 4

3 Processes of Urine Formation?

Back 4

Filtration: ultrafiltration of plasma formed
Secretion: substances are moved into filtrate
Reabsorption: substances moved out of filtrate into renal interstitium

Front 5

Glomerulus

Back 5

spherical arrangement of fenestrated capillaries
found in proximal end of kidney tubule
fluid is glomerular filtrate

Front 6

Structure of Kidney:
Renal Hilum

Back 6

vertical slit on concave border
entrance of renal artery, vein, lymphatics and nerves as well as ureter

Front 7

Structure of Kidney:
Cortex

Back 7

outer portion of kidney
has columns, pyramids, medullary rays

Front 8

Structure of Kidney:
Lobes

Back 8

6-18 per kidney
consists of one medullary pyramid and cortical cap that surrounds it

Front 9

Structure of Kidney:
Nephron

Back 9

functional unit of kidney
proximal end contains capillaries and supporting cells

Front 10

Structure of Kidney:
Bowmans Capsule

Back 10

double-layered cup that surround the nephron

Front 11

Structure of Kidney:
parts of Nephron

Back 11

PCT and PST
DST and DCT
macula densa

Front 12

Structure of Kidney:
vascular pole of nephron

Back 12

entrance and exit of afferent and efferent arterioles

Front 13

Structure of Kidney:
Urinary pole of Nephron

Back 13

continuous w/ first segment of nephron, starts filtration here

Front 14

Bowmans Capsule: Inner Layer

Back 14

"visceral layer"
made up of podocytes

Front 15

Bowmans Capsule: Podocytes

Back 15

modified epithelial cells
have pedicles, or feet
-filtration slits b/t feet

Front 16

Bowmans Capsule: Filtration Slits

Back 16

b/t pedicles of podocytes
bridged by thin filtration slit membrane

Front 17

Bowmans Capsule: Filtration Barrier

Back 17

made of capillary endothelium, podocytes, and glomerular basement membrane

Front 18

Bowmans Capsule: Glomerular Basement Membrane

Back 18

space b/t endothelium and podocytes

Front 19

Bowmans Capsule: outer layer

Back 19

"parietal layer", simple squamous

Front 20

Bowmans Capsule: Mesangial Cells

Back 20

synthesize a supportive matrix for the glomerular capillaries

Front 21

Bowmans Capsule: Extraglamerular Mesangial Cells

Back 21

found outside renal corpuscle along vascular pole

Front 22

Mesangial Cell Fxns

Back 22

phagocytosis of particles in basal lamina
structural support
regulates blood flow
Secrete IL-1 and PDGF

Front 23

What makes up the Juxtoglamerular Apparatus?

Back 23

Macula Densa
Juxtaglomerular Cells
Extraglamerular Mesangial Cells

Front 24

Macula Densa

Back 24

made of Distal Convoluted Tubules that have become taller (columnar)
directly by afferent and efferent arterioles

Front 25

Juxtaglomerular Cells

Back 25

modified SM cells that have secretory products
granules contain renin

Front 26

Renin Fxn

Back 26

catalyzes cleavage of Angiotensin 1 from angiotensinogen

Front 27

Angiotensin 2 Fxns

Back 27

increase BP by constricting arterioles
stimulates release of Aldosterone

Front 28

Proximal Thick Segment:
PCT Epithelium

Back 28

simple cuboidal w/ brush border

Front 29

Proximal Thick Segment:
Fxns

Back 29

pH modification
AA resorption
Na/K ATPase
Aquaporins present

Front 30

Thin Segment:
Countercurrent system

Back 30

responsible for producing hypertonic environment

Front 31

Thin Segment:
Ascending thin

Back 31

impermeable to water

Front 32

Thin Segment:
descending thin

Back 32

permeable to water

Front 33

Distal Thick Segment:
what are the parts

Back 33

distal straight tubule
macula densa
DCT

Front 34

Distal Thick Segment:
DCT

Back 34

simple cuboidal, no brush border

Front 35

Collecting Ducts

Back 35

lined w/ cuboidal to columnar epithelium
"papillary ducts" near apex

Front 36

Collecting Ducts:
Light (principle) cell

Back 36

secretes K, resorbs Sodium

Front 37

Collecting Ducts:
Dark (intercalated) cell

Back 37

secrete HCO3 and H

Front 38

What is the cell that is primarily affect by ADH regulation?

Back 38

Collecting duct cells

Front 39

Collecting Ducts: single cilia

Back 39

sensory fxn

Front 40

Circulation of Kidney

Back 40

Renal-->Interlobar-->Arcuate-->Interlobar-->afferent arterioles-->glomerular capillaries-->efferent arteriole-->peritubular capillaries

Front 41

Kidney Circulation:
Vasa Recta

Back 41

thin capillary that go into medulla and loop back

Front 42

Ureter

Back 42

uses peristaltic contraction
3 SM layers
Transitional Epithelium

Front 43

Urinary Bladder:

Back 43

Transitional Epithelium
contains pinocytotic vesicles and fusiform-shaped vesicles

Front 44

Urinary Bladder:
outside covering

Back 44

peritoneum superiorly, serosa
elsewhere adventitia

Front 45

Urethra: what are the 3 parts?

Back 45

prostatic, membranous, and penile

Front 46

Prostatic Urethra:

Back 46

transitional epithelium
contains ejaculatory ducts

Front 47

Membranous Urethra:

Back 47

penetrates urogenital diaphragm
pseudostratified columnar

Front 48

Penile Urethra:

Back 48

pseudostratified columnar-->stratified squamous near opening