Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What makes histo, blasto, and coccidioides unique compared to other pathogens?
|
They are able to cause infection in normal individuals who are not immunocompromised
|
|
|
Where is histoplasmosis commonly found and with what animals is it associated?
|
IT is commonly found in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys; it grows on bird droppings and is found in bat droppings
|
|
|
Where is blastomycosis commonly found ?
|
It is commonly found in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys and in the upper midwestern states of Minnesota and Wisconsin
|
|
|
Where is Coccidioides commonly found?
|
It is commonly found in dry, hot areas, especially the southwestern US (Sonora desert) and parts of Mexico
|
|
|
What are two other fungi commonly grouped with histo, blasto, and coccidioides?
|
Paracoccidioides and penicillium marneffei
|
|
|
What fungi is seen in AIDS patients, especially in southeast Asia?
|
Penicillium marneffei
|
|
|
Describe the growth of histoplasma
|
It contains micro and marcoconidia in vitro but exists only as a small yeast in the body (due to high temps)
|
|
|
Describe the growth of blastomyces
|
In vitro it exists as a hyphal form with microconidia and in vivo it is a big yeast with broad based buds
|
|
|
Describe the growth of coccidioides
|
In vitro it is a hyphal form with arthroconidia and in the body it exists as a huge spherule with endospores
|
|
|
Describe the growth of paracoccidioides in vivo
|
It exists as a multi-budding yeast
|
|
|
How are the three fungi transmitted?
|
By inhalation of spores/conidia in dust from the environment
|
|
|
Where does histoplasma replicate?
|
It replicates intracellularly within macrophages and initiates the formation of granulomas similar to TB
|
|
|
What is the spectrum of fungal (histo, blasto, coccidioides) infections?
|
asymptomatic, mild-flu like symptoms, acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis, and disseminated histoplasmosis
|
|
|
Describe asymptomatic infection with histo
|
90% of people with histoplasmosis exposure don't produce symptoms because the immune status of the host controls the infection
|
|
|
Describe acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
|
Pnuemonitis with granulomatous lesions that develops 2-3 weeks after exposure; fever, chills, chest pain, ect.
|
|
|
What is chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis?
|
Often develops in patients with COPD and is a re-activation of a latent infection; cavities develop in the upper lobes of the lungs
|
|
|
What is the most common site of extrapulmonary infection seen with blasto?
|
The skin
|
|
|
How does acute pulmonary blastmycosis present?
|
Acute illness resembling a bacterial pneumonia with purulent or mucopurulent sputum
|
|
|
What are the manifestations of disseminated coccidiomycosis?
|
It spreads to the skin, bone, joints, and meninges
|
|
|
Describe the treatment duration of fungal infections
|
They are difficult to eradicate and require long-term therapy for months-years
|
