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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Al Amin |
-the sixth Abbasid Caliph
-went to war with his brother al-Ma'mun |
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al-Battani |
-an Arab astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician,
-determined the year was 365 days long |
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al-Biruni |
-regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist...
-determined radius of earth |
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al-Hakim |
the sixth Fatimid caliph and 16th Ismaili imam (996–1021). Al-Hakim is an important figure in a number of Shia Ismaili religions |
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al-Khwarizmi |
- introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world.
- invented algebra
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al-Ma'mun |
-was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 813 until his death in 833.
- known for his attempts to end sectarian rivalry in Islām and to impose upon his subjects a rationalist Muslim creed.
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al-Razi |
-is particularly remembered for numerous advances in medicine through his observations and discoveries. also alchemy and chemistry
- the father of pediatrics, and a pioneer of ophthalmology.
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al-Tusi |
-was a Persian polymath and prolific writer: An architect,astronomer, biologist, chemist, mathematician, philosopher, physician, physicist, scientist, theologian
-He was of the Ismaili-, and subsequentlyTwelver Shī‘ah Islamic belief
- Tusi made very accurate tables of planetary movements: he invented a geometrical technique called a Tusi-couple, which generates linear motion from the sum of two circular motions. He used this technique to replacePtolemy's problematic equant
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al-Uqlidisi |
-an Arab mathematician, who was active in Damascus and Baghdad.
- Euclid copyist. He wrote the earliest surviving book on the positional use of the Arabic numerals, Kitab al-Fusul fi al-Hisab al-Hindi (The Arithemetics of Al-Uqlidisi) around 952. It is especially notable for its treatment of decimal fractions, and that it showed how to carry out calculations without deletions. |
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al-Zahwary |
-an Arab Muslim physician and surgeonwho lived in Al-Andalus... father of modern surgery |
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'Ali al-Rida |
the seventh descendant of theIslamic prophet Muhammad and the eighth of the Twelve Imams |
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Alp Arslan |
-was the second Sultan of the Seljuk Empire
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Buyids |
-a Shia dynasty which originated fromLahijan in Dailam |
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Fatimids |
-in 909 Isma'ili Shi'is show rebelled against Abbasids in North Africa and took over the Aghlabid Kingdom
-As far west as Morocco and conquered Egypt in 969
-their rulers claimed that they descended from 'Ali and Fatima, Muhammad's daughter |
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Harun al-Rashid |
-the fifth Abbasid Caliph... ruled during the peak of the Islamic Golden Age
-He established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma ("House of Wisdom") in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, and during his rule Baghdad began to flourish as a center of knowledge, culture and trade |
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ibn al-Haytham |
-was an Arab, Muslim, scientist, polymath, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who made significant contributions to the principles of optics, astronomy, mathematics, meteorology, visual perception and the scientific method.
-his claim to fame is realizing that vision was caused by light rays going into the eyes
-made the Nile-O-Meter to regulate flooding |
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ibn al-Shatir |
-an Arab Muslim astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor who worked as muwaqqit (religious timekeeper) at theUmayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria.
-he drastically reformed the Ptolemaic models of the Sun, Moon, and planets |
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ibn Sina |
- was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.
-is most famous works are The Book of Healing – a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopedia – and The Canon of Medicine, an overview of all aspects of medicine that became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650. |
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ibn Wahshiyya |
-was an Iraqi alchemist, agriculturalist, farm toxicologist, egyptologist and historian born at Qusayn near Kufain Iraq |
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Iqta' |
-an Islamic practice of tax farming that became common in Muslim Asia during the Buyid dynasty |
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Isma'ilis |
-a branch of Shia Islam whose adherents are also known as Seveners
-get their name from their acceptance of Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (Imām) to Ja'far al-Sadiq, wherein they differ from the Twelvers, who accept Musa al-Kadhim, younger brother of Isma'il, as the true Imām
-Ismailism rose at one point to become the largest branch of Shī‘ism, climaxing as a political power with the Fatimid Caliphate |
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Ithna'asharis |
a Twelver |
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Malkishah |
?? |
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Mu'tazilis |
-school of theology based on reason and rational thought that flourished in the cities of Basra and Baghdad
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Nizam al Mulk |
-was a Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire
- founding a number of schools of higher education in several cities like Baghdad |
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Qadi |
a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law (sharia), appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. |
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Salah al Din |
- the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty
-A Muslim of Kurdish origin, Saladin led the Muslim opposition to the EuropeanCrusaders in the Levant |
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Seljuks |
-was a Turkish Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually adopted Persian culture and contributed to the Turko-Persian tradition in the medieval West and Central Asia.
- targets of the First Crusade. |
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Shari'a |
- means the moral code and religious law of a prophetic religion. |
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Shi'a |
-"followers", "faction" or "party" of Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin Ali, whom the Shia believe to be Muhammad's successor in the Caliphate |
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Sunni |
"people of the tradition of Muhammad and the consensus of the Ummah" or ahl as-sunnah |
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The Madhi |
- is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven, nine, or nineteen years (according to differing interpretations) before the Day of Judgment (yawm al-qiyamah / literally, the Day of Resurrection)[2] and will rid the world of evil. |
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Ulama |
refers to the educated class of Muslim legal scholars who are polymaths engaged in several fields of Islamic studies. |
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Waqf |
an inalienable religious endowment in Islamic law, typically donating a building or plot of land or even cash for Muslim religious or charitable purposes. |