Hist2 Glossary

Front 1

Totalitarianism: related to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete obedience to the government.

(Oxford)

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War: state of armed conflict between different nations, states, or groups within a nation or state.

(Oxford)

Front 2

Guerrilla: member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces.

(Oxford)

Back 2

Holocaust: destruction on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war.

(Oxford)

Front 3

Genocide: deliberate killing on a large group of people, especially the ones who are from a particular ethnic group or nation.

(Oxford)

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Dirty War: military tactic to kill and torture civilians against government. The most popular one was the Argentina Dirty War.

(Britannica)

Front 4

Revolution: forcibly removed from power of a government or social order in favor of a new system.

(Oxford)

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Dictatorship: government by a dictator.

(Oxford)

Front 5

Communism: political theory given by Karl Marx leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

(Oxford)

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Cold War: a state of political opposition between countries characterized by threats and other measures to end with war or conflict.

(Oxford)

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Society: people living together in a more or less ordered community.

(Oxford)

Back 6

Civil Society: community of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity.

(Oxford)

Front 7

Economic Crises: a situation in which the economy of a country experiences a sudden down turn.

(Business)

Back 7

-In July 2012, Spain's unemployment rate was above 20%.

-President Mariano Rajoy and the European Union decided to put reforms to renew credibility in Spain and increase exports from the country.

Front 8

Welfare state: a nation or state that assumes primary responsibility for the individual and social welfare of its citizens.

(Webster)

Back 8

-In 1942 the Liberal politician William Beveridge proposed the introduction of welfare state in UK.

Front 9

Neoliberalism: political view, arising in the 1960s, that emphasizes the importance of economic growth and asserts that social justice is best maintained by minimal government interference and free market forces.

Back 9

-Many nations faced debt crises. In order to deal with this, many nations were forces to cede democratic control of their economies to politicians.

Front 10

Globalization: the process by which social institutions become adopted on a global scale.

Back 10

-Globalization in India has allowed companies to increase their base of operations, expand their workforce with minimal investments, and provide new services to a broad range of consumers.

Front 11

Regionalism: regional quality or character in life or literature.

(Webster)

Back 11

-Regionalism in India (political parties encouraged regionalism to capture power.)

Front 12

Trade Embargo: prohibition on exports to one or more countries.

(Britannica)

Back 12

-US economic sanctions against Cuba, restrictions on Cuban travel and commerce.

Front 13

Economic Recovery: period of increasing business activity signaling the end of a recession.

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-Federal law enacted in the US in 1981.

-Made to encourage economic growth through reductions in individual income tax rates, incentives for savings and other purposes.

Front 14

Economic Miracle: period of rapid economic growth that exceeds expectations.

(Business)

Back 14

-Economic growth of Germany and Japan after WW2.

-Rapid economic expansion in China.

Front 15

Militarism: Belief or desire from a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be ready to respond aggressively and defend the nation.

(Oxford)

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Propaganda: Promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

(Oxford)

Front 16

Imperialism: A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

(Oxford)

Back 16

Triple Entente: Alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia.

(Oxford)

Front 17

Triple Alliance: Association between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy against Triple Entente.

(Oxford)

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Self-determination: Process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.

(Oxford)

Front 18

Nationalism: Patriotic feeling, principles and efforts.

(Oxford)

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League of Nations: Association of countries established by the Treaty of Versailles to achieve international peace and security.

(Oxford)

Front 19

Bipolarity:

Back 19

having or marked by twomutually repellent forces or diametricallyopposed natures or views. (Merriam-Webster)

Front 20

Mutual Assurance Defense (MAD):

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is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which afull-scale use of high-yield weapons of mass destruction by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete of both the attacker and the defender. (Merriam-Webster)

Front 21

Conservatism:

Back 21

as a political and socialphilosophy promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context ofthe culture and civilization. (Merriam-Webster)

Front 22

Social-Democracy:

Back 22

a politicalmovement that uses principles of democracy tochange a capitalist country to a socialist one. (Merriam-Webster)

Front 23

Christian Democracy:

Back 23

is apolitical ideology which emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under theinfluence of conservatism and Catholic social teaching. (Merriam-Webster)

Front 24

Centre-left:

Back 24

Centreleftists, such as socialdemocrats or socialliberals, believein working within the established systems to improve socialjustice. (Merriam-Webster)

Front 25

NATO/Warsaw Plan:

Back 25

wasa collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and the countriesof the eastern bloc, this was in response of the NATO. The NATO was the counter part for the Warsaw PLan which had Western Countries like US, UK, France and Canada.(Merriam-Webster)

Front 26

Council of Economic Assistance:

Back 26

was aneconomic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the SovietUnion, with a number of socialist states elsewhere in the world. (Merriam-Webster)

Front 27

Marshall Plan:

Back 27

was an American initiative toaid Europe, in which the United States gave money in economic support to help rebuild European economiesafter the end of World War II. (Merriam-Webster)

Front 28

Mirror Policy

Back 28

Policy in which a country reacts or acts in response of another country in the same way, and vise versa.(World History Book)