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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Thucydides
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History of the Peloponnesian War
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Gives insight into Greek society during the period. Focuses on concept of arete and hubris. gives a cyclical view of history & historical analysis
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Plato
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"Apology"
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Apology highlights Plato's thoughts on truth. Plato articulates his definition of truth as an intangible abstract concept that individuals can obtain, but only after rigorous analysis and critiquing.
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Epicurus
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Letter to Menoeceus
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He believes the path to happiness is to maximize pleasure & minimize pain. Those who focus on meaningless things they can’t control will increase anxiety. Death is pointless to worry about.
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Cullen Murphey
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Are we Rome?
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St. Augustine
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City of God
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he argues there is an impure world of sin (city of man) & a perfect world of righteousness called city of god. Also articulates idea of the original sin. God reveals every truth. The individual has free will to make choice between right & wrong but that choice is determined by god. This is a major departure from Socratic ideal of the autonomous subject. establishes church's legitimacy & importance
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Unknown
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Song of Roland
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Highlighted the feudal relationship. This kind of brotherly love also helped cement feudal relationships as much as property or even fealty or homage.
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Peter Abelard
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Sic et Non and Historia Calamitatum
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it is possible to reconcile faith and reason. Abelard does not wholly accept reason over faith or vise versa. Rather, he accepts that a fusion of the two provide the best answers for life because neither is strong enough on its own. Questioning strengthens faith.
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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For the Love of God
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view knowledge or reason as negative because it implies that faith is not already the ultimate answer and truth. To question faith would be an insult to all the martyrs who died for their unwavering belief in that faith.
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Innocent III
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On the Misery of Man
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men were fundamentally flawed beings and the best they could hope for was getting into the city of god with the church’s help. Their life on earth was meant to be miserable. Renaissance.
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Pico della Mirandola
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Oration on the Dignity of Man
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you can become a brute like Innocent thinks everyone is but you have power to be reborn into the higher forms. Man can be something great. For Pico, it is man’s freewill & capacity to use it that is ultimately the source of human dignity.
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Machiavelli
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The Prince
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The end justifies the means. Truth is found in history which serves as a guide to the present.
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Martin Luther
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“On the Freedom of a Christian” and “The Jews and Their Lies”
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shows rhetoric of history does not always paint the full picture.
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Pope Leo X
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Exurge Domine
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condemns Luther
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Bartholomew de Las Casas
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Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies
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triumph of human rights for non-westerners
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Juan Ginés de Sepúleveda
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On the Reasons for the Just War Against the Indians
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follow us or die. Shows destructive & superior attitude westerners held
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Rene Descartes
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Discourse on Method
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Descartes holds a similar theory in regards to being skeptical and testing what is considered “true”. However, he believes truth is a concrete fact that can be reached through scientific methods.
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John Locke
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Second Treatise on Government
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Locke’s political theory rests on his faith in human being’s capacity for goodness & rational thought. People can overthrow ruler if social contract violated
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