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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did culture change accelerate, 20th
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-Globalization. More cultures influence each other. Connection in econ, tourism, comms (internet, phones)
-Urbanization and the move to cities -Movements spring up with missionary qualities (commies, nationalists) |
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New value systems, patterns of belief in 20th
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-Communism
-Nationalism -COnsumerism |
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Communism as pattern of belief/culture
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-Equality is an acheivable goal
-Common economic form -History is on your side -Science kicks ass -POINT: Conversion to communism is more than politics/econ. It is a culture |
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Nationalism as pattern of belief
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-Could provide people with a culture system. National identity, hope in the progress of your nation
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Consumerism as pattern of belief
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-Consumerist values, with other stuff attached..Cons +
-Like stuff you don't need, is a measure of success -Cosmopolitan, tolerance, science |
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What do 20th value systems have in common/different
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-Not just elitist, but apply to all
-They are all secular systems. -Belief in progress. -Some are intolerable of each other. Commies don't like nationalism or consumerism. |
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20th value systems today?
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-World communism has died
-Strong in US and some in Europe, LA, but not everywhere -Consumerism has become pervasive (US, Japan, Europe, Aust), but not universal |
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Why didn't religion die, 20th
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-Value sys did not kill religion
-India, Middle East, US, LA, Africa -Stayed around because of shared identity, and values -Important sources for political support -Provide meaning and values that consumerism does not provide -With fall of commies, you turn to religion |
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Results of culture clash in the 20th
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-Conflict. Lots between consumerism values and religion
-Argue aboput sexual norms, birth control, gay rights -Middle East, to wear a veil or not -Basically, everyone is is some form of culture conflict |
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Dominant themes of contemporary period
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-Chagning global power balance
-Nature impact of global pop explosion -Xformation of global tech -Changes in political/social organization |
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Changing global power balance, contemp
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-Decline of Western Europe and US, and East Asia has risen
-Military technology increases and global wars. Nuclear technology |
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Global pop explosion, contemp
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-Has affected environment and resources
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Global tech, contemp
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-Transportation, internet, computers. Globalization itself
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Political, social changes contemp
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-Agriculutral systems becoming replaced more and more
-Most of the world is not monarchies. Formal empires are gone. USSR is gone. Been replaced by democracy, junta, authoritarian -Landlords had everything before, now businessmen. Everyone is urban class workers. Patriarchy is fading. Religion is fading as a cultural stamp |
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Decline of the West in cintemp
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-Begins at WWI, GDepress, and WWII
-Imperialism and colonialism is gone. Lost ability to impose politics on world -Loss of life in World Wars -Russia/Japan had crucial militaries. Now China -Guerella warfare. Vietnam -THE AGE OF EASY MILITARY DOMINANCE HAS ENDED |
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Decline of West, culture contemp
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-West is not the only influencer of global culture.
-But, still pretty substantial (music, clothing) |
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DOW, economic contemp
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-Still a core and still peripheries.
-US, EU, Japan is core -Perip: pockets of LA, Africa, -Many are in the middle (China, Turkey, Mexico) |
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COnetmp, how did people get out of periph
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-Unique products (oil, rubber, natural resources). China sells fruits and veggies
-Import subsitution. Many start making their own shit instead of importing -Mass production of goods that can be sold to the core. India has world services. Brazil has steel |
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Common causes/characteristics of revolution
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-Peasant distress. All are peasant revolts. They want land, and the upper classes have taken it unjustly.
-Need a relatively weak government. COme when leader is young/weak -Leadership and organization -Ideology. Dominant one was MArxism. Everyone gets according to means, no private property, eventualy states will fade and utopian society. Mexico=democrat. Iran=fundamentalist |
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Key differences from Indian and African nationalism
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-Indians had years of unified country and leaders that could claim legitamacy. Pride in religion, and great economy
-Afirca needed to juggle Africanness and own country. Cultural divides, no common history as united people. Arbitrary line drawing through places |
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Key differences between revolutiona nd nationalism
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-Revolutionaries want to explode the traditional cultural values and social structures. Nationalists don’t say this.
-Revolutionaries really institute sweeping social change, but India still has hidden, caste system. -Both are crucial to political and social change, but revolutions go much, much farther. -Revn. more sweeping of gender relations, unlike many nationalist movements. |
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When does globalization begin
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-Different regions pull in at different points in time. Japan, 1865. Europe, much earlier, 16th century
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Arguments for newness of globalization
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-Tech: Radio, jets, satelite, computers make things possible that were inconceivable before. Impossible!
-Policies: UN, world bank, NATO. Economic cooperation and increasing trade to brand new levels |
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Multi-national corps in globalization
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-Go wherever cheap labor. Prduction branches all over the place.
-Manner ofeconomic specialization has changed -Corps are even stronger than some governments in the places they are in |
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Extent of global culture
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-Fast food
-Music -Clothing -International sports -Spread of English Language. More chinese learning speakers than native speakers |
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Do most people accept globalization
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Many hate the shit: 1. Culture, 2. Economic, 3. Everything else
-Only ones who like it are young women -Young people for, old against -Only Coastal US, Europe, Youth in Japan, Coastal china have accepted it |
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Why do people hate globalization
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-Culture loss.The importation of one is making traditional culture go away.
-But it is good for cultural exchange. Fucking rules |
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How have people balanced globalization and the local
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-Japanese. Fusion of art styles and send animation, film back to the West
-Bollywood -Muslims exchanging cards for Ramadan -Syncretism and combination is how people balance it |
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Why did democracy not do well in 20's and 30s
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-Could not fare from economic depression
-Many socities faced shitloads of social problems. Divisions within democracy, leading to fascism and authoritarian governments |
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Biggest gains for demo in 40s and 50s
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-Defeat of fascism. Democracies share in the victory
-Instead of pulling apart, people to start working together - |
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Why did democracy not succeed in newly indep. nations, 40s 50s
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-Soviets take over East Europe
-New Nation theory. In AFrica, lack of experience, bad economies, civil wars -India somehow maintained one, almost everyone else went through an authoritarian period |
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Why have democracies done so well recently
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-Identified with economic and political success
-As societies became more urban, had to appealfor popular loyalty or had nothing |
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Who is not democracy in modern era
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-China. Has free market economy, but authoritarian
-Much of the middle east -Vietnam, North Korea. -Some have not liked it because they are opposed to WEstern ideals and values |
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Will demo gain ground?
Yes.No |
-More stresses for democracy by UN and NGO's, amnesty
-Demo will spread with technology and computers. People want to be political equals -Global depression could fuck it. Russia is retreating. Venez is retreating |
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Only two socieites that industrialize without the west
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-Japan and Russia. Both preceded it with reform era.
-Russia abolishes serfdom, because not economical efficient anymore. Idealism from the WEst, Need flexible workforce. Military tech. -Japan abolishes feudalism. opens up trade. COmmittance to universal education. MIlitary reforms. Public health reforms |
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How did Russia and Japan do it without the west
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-Already had reasonably strong governments
-Also kind of lucky. Russia had resources. -KEY: Both had independent economies before, and both had tradition of copying someone without becoming them (Russia and west, Japan and CHina) |
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Why didn't CHina industrialize like Japan and Russia
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-No history of imitation and very hestitant about it
-Weak government at time of domination -West wanted into China because of their resources. Japan and Russia, not really |
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LAte comer industrializers adv/dis adv
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ADV: No trial and error, you can get the best shit. Might be able to avoid social costs
DIS: Best equipment is expensive. Harder to raise capital. Need to limit westerners coming in and taking over everything. Russia didn't do this, but Japan did |
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How did Russia and Japan overcome late comer disadv
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-Tax the shit out of people
-Borrow from the WEst, but not too much -Try cheap unique materials. Russia uses metals and oil. Japan tries to take over silk -Governments have to exercise crucial tax controls, regulation |
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Why no revolution in Japan like in RUssia
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-Culture of COnfucianism. Do your part, contribute to society. But don't overdo it.
-Russia had more contact with Western philosophy, subversive ideas. Japan did not. -KEY: Japanese reforms before industrialization went farther. Japan fundamentally changed their government, Russia did not (stayed czarist, w/traditional social struc) |
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Why does World War I end the modern period
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-West destroys themselves, massive death tolls
-Empires fall apart (Austro, Russia, Ottomans) -Russian revolution direct result of WWI -Political changes make it clear that some types of govt's regimes will not work in modern world (CHina) -Encourages nationalism in new places outside of the West (Japan, India, Africa). -West no longer dominates everything |
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When did US enter world arena
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-Industrial revolution started it. Impact in 1860's
-80s and 90s start to reach for colonies -In 60's we became significant arms dealers, traders, export grains/meat to Europe. Here on gotta pay attention |
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American exceptionalism
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-US was formed with a lot of European influence, and some serious Afro/Native influences, sometime after became its own civilization. Not only was it separate, but also better. Separate maybe, better=nonsense.
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Any previous theories fit the WEst
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-By 1890s moving towards core, but also borrows a lot from Western Europe
-US relatively early to industrialize. Rise of science. Modernization theory fits in moderately |
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Ways to argue that the US is a seperate civilization
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-DO not have significant socialist movement (shows why we don't understand them/so against them)
-Über religious. Early in separation of church and state, but high geographic mobility meant religion was how you had community ties -Bad aspects: violence, legacy of slavery, pollution |
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Ways to argue that the US is just part of the west
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-High culture is mostly European. DOn't have significant American art till 20th
-Most political ideas came from Europe -Basic Xsition to modern birth rates -Secual revolution in 60s. Same patterns and causes |
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Convergence/Divergence with Euro
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-We are divergent. Europe is not religious. No birth control taboos.
-US loves death penalty -US has crucial military establishment |
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In the past 100 years, what has the US done more than others
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-pushed consumersim more than others. Lots of public debt
-SOme would argue more concerned with preventing classical imperialism -We send in forces and intervene if we want -Basically behaving the same way West Europe did |
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Global Trends for women
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-Universal suffrage, voting rights. Almost everywhere, women can vote
-Some legal reforms/property. -All women can receive good education -Birth rates have gone down. Women aren't forced to have as many kids (Demographic transition) |
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Why change in trends for women
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-Industrialization caused not as many kids to be had. Women are more educated. Economic decision
-Ideology: New systems (demo/comm) stress equality of sexes. UN and Amnesty Intl. |
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Problems with saying patriarchy is gone
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-Regional/local places are still resistant to change (Middle East, Africa-poverty)
-Gap between what they say and what they do -Gaps in access to birth control -Push back by males in retaliation to women gaining ground -Not all women want the same thing (Islam, Hindu, African). Stress on community over individual. Traditions |
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Three ways to use history to predict the future
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-Produce analogies with current events (Iraq, Afghanistan they are using it now)
-Try to identify trends now and project them into the future using history as backbone -Argue future will be shaped by unexpected event with no historical precedent (Nuclear war) |
