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216 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What centuries constituted for the holy Roman Empire? or Middle Ages Christendom; Church and State
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5th - 9th
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Where was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
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Constantinople
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What was the end of the Byzantine Empire in the East?
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The Turks Taking over
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The Holy Roman Empire was started in what century?
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4th
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In the 4th Century the capital of the Roman Empire was moved from Rome to where?
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Constantinople
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Why did the Holy Roman Empire begin in the 4th century in Rome.
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The capital was moved to Constantinople;
A vacuum was left in Rome of leadership; The Arian Vandals of Germany was moving into Rome |
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407 A.D.
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The Arians were sent to the Germanic tribes in the North, where they converted them.
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The first Germanic tribe to convert to Arianism was who?
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Vandaals
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What Arian group moved into Rome and took over; persecuting the Nicene believers?
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Vandaals
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What Germanic group took over Rome from 400-410 A.D.?
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Vandaals
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What groups was not voted into leadership in Rome, but took over because there was no leadership?
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Vandaals
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What group took over Spain , North Africa and Carthage?
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Vandaals
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What Arian group takes over Rome, Spain and North Africa but does not persecute the Christians?
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Visogoths
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Why did the Visogoths not persecute the believers?
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They did not want to seem like Vandals.
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Who ran the Visogoths out of Spain and North Africa?
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Muslims (Moores)
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What saves the Roman Empire in the 5th Century? Making it a prominent place in the west?
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The Empiror gets saved
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What was the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire?
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The salvation of the Roman Empiror; the conversion of the Visigoths; and the Bishop of Rome co-leading with the Emperor
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Where is Gaul?
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Present Day France
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What two groups were prominent in Gaul?
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Franks and Burgundians
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Burgundians were what?
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Arian Christians
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Franks were what?
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Pagans
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There is constant fighting between what two group in Gaul in the 5th Century?
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Franks and Burgundians
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What happened to the Burgundian king in 460 A.D.?
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He was converted to Nicine Orthodoxy
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Who protects the Romans in the 5th Century?
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Burgundians
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The Visogoth king becomes what in the 5th century?
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A nicene believer
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The King of the Franks becomes a believer to do what?
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Marry the daughter of the Burgundians and bring political unity
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Who worked as separate people in Gaul, but were connected?
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Franks and Burgundians
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From 496-534 what happened in Gaul?
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All was well between the Franks and Burgundians
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Who was the king over all of the Gauls?
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The Frank King
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534?
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The Franks conguer Burgundy
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A Prime Minister was set over who when the Franks took over Gaul?
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Burgundy
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Who was the Prime Minister of Burgundy?
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Charles Martel: "The Hammer"
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"The Hammer"
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Charles Martel, the Prime Minister of Burgundy
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732 Battle in Gaul against the Moores?
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The Battle of Tours
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Who wanted to become the King of France because he beat the Moores at the Battle of Tours?
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The Hammer - Charles Martel
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Pepin was who's son that became king in France?
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Charles Martel
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Who went from a mayor of King Childeric III of France to King of France?
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Pepin III
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Who over through King Childeric of France?
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Pepin III
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Pepin III's son was who?
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Charles the Great "Charlemagne"
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Who became the Holy Roman Emperor?
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Charlemagne
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What Emperor was influenced by Augustines' "City of God"?
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Charlemagne
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What made Rome turn from the East to the West for leadership and military help in 754?
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Iconoclastic controversy
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Who was the leader in the west when Rome turned to the west for help?
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Charlemagne
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Who was the beginnin of Christ's Kingdom on earth in 800 AD?
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Charlemagne
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The Missions movement by the Monastic grew during what King's reign?
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Charlemagne
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What famous missionary used the monastic traditions of the middle ages as a model?
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William Carey
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What was the vision statement for the Midievil monsatics, which became the western way of monasticism?
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The Rule of St. Benedict
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What was different between the eastern monasticism and Benedict's?
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they were not separate from the church or society
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St Benedict saw communal living for what purpose?
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Missions
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The Rule of St. Benedict saw the church as what?
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Their Hierarchy
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Who said the service, devotion and prayer preapred the monks to become missionaries?
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The Rule of St. Benedict
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Who wrote a Beviary or a devotion for the monks?
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St. Benedict
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The Rule of St. Benedict taught what about poverty?
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the monks should be poor so they could relate toe unbelievers; to focus on the needs of others and not accumulating manna;
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The Rule of St. Benedict taught what about serving one another?
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it builds a sense of community; and sharing duties allows no hierarchy to evolve in the monastery.
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The Rule of St. Benedict had monks to do what 8 times a day?
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stop read and pray
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Who taught the monks should stydy know and implement the Bible?
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The Rule of St. Benedict
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who was born in 880 A.D.
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The Rule of St. Benedict
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Who were theological trouble makers to the hierarchy?
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The Benedictine Monks
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Where did the reform of the church come from?
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The Monasteries
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Who saw missions as a part of his military policy?
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Charlemagne
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What was used to bring back the glory of Rome?
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the papacy
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What were influences on the rise of Papacy?
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Feudalism
Apostolic Tradition "many bishops" Pope |
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Landowners had to support their workers and the poor that lived there gave their money to the Landowners. The Landowners were then supposed to give money back to them. This was called what?
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Feudalism
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What name was formerly used to acknowledge a Bishop's level of prominence, not the Bishop of Rome?
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Pope
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Conciliarism has to do with what?
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Many bishops in leadership rather than a papacy
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Who filled the leadership role in Rome in the 6th century when was no one there?
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Gregory the Great
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Who was known as one of the four great Latin Doctors of the church?
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gregory the great
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Gregory the Great held off what group from attacking Rome, making him the bishop of Rome?
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The Lombards
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Benedicts rule came from the suppor of who?
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Gregory the Great in his workd the Dialogues
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Who was a popular preacher in Rome; preaching every Sunday and being involved in his congregation?
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Gregory the Great
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Gregory the Great was approached by what people for advice?
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The pastors about their churches
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Gregory the Great become popular in Rome but where else?
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the Whole Roman Empire
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Gregory the Great' theological legacy divided what time periods?
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The Patristic and the Middle Ages
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The theological legacy of the apostolic tradition "faith once for all delivered to the saints" was changed to what at thet time of Gregory the Great?
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The papacy became the apostolic authority. Instead of passing on the apostolic tradions, apostolic authority was passed on instead
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Gregory the Great rejected some of who's teaching on Grace and Predestination?
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Augustine
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Who was semi-palagian and built it into the doctrine of the church?
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Gregory the Great
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Who taught that grace is merited and the 7 sacraments helps to get this grace?
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Gregory the Great
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The Council of Trent received their teaching of Grace and works from who?
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Gregory the Great
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Who's teaching on salvation by works and grace was taught until the reformation?
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Gregory the Great
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Who enshrined Augustines teaching as dogma about purgatory and infant baptism and sacrifice of the masses?
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Gregory the Great
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Who's teaching caused indulgences later in the middle ages as well as mass?
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Gregory the Great
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Gregory the Great taught that "The Eucharist" was what?
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the renewed sacrifice of Christ; it is not our offering of ourselves to Christ but Jesus' continous offering for our sin
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Penance becomes what under Gregory the Great?
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A means of forgiveness
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The divine authority is from what age?
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middle ages, not apostolic
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Who was a monk before becoming a pope?
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Gregory the Great
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What pope wrote the 7 deadly sins?
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Gregory the Great
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Who wrote Pastoral Rule about humility unifying the church?
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Gregory the Great
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What country did Gregory the Great send missionary Augustine of Canturbary in 596?
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England
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Who said to missionize pagan holy places for Christ in England?
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Gregory the Great
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Purgatory was popularized by who in the 6th century?
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Gregory the Great
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What caused the 5th Ecumenical Counsel?
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Monothelete Controversy
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What was the first theological controversy of the middle ages?
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Monothelete "Jesus' Will"
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the Monothelete controversy had to do with what?
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Christ having one or two wills, a human and divine, and does this mean he is two people?
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What council talked of the will having to do with the a person? Jesus have two wills?
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The 5th
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What was the 6th ecumenical council about?
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Condemnation of the Monothelete Controversy
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According to the 5th and 6th Ecumenical counsel how many wills did Jesus have?
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2
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What caused a scism between rome and constantinople in the 7th century?
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The Monothelete Controversy
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What was the 2nd theological controversy about?
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Iconoclasticism
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Why were icons used in the church?
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to teach the illiterate about Christ
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Why did the Iconoclastic controversy start?
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newly converted pagans started to worship the icons.
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Benedictine monk's service was how long?
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a lifetime
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Who was the first pope in the modern sense of the word?
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Leo the Great (d. 461),
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Pope means what?
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Father
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Who Turned the mass into a renewed sacrifice of Christ, instead of our offering (sacrifice) to him, thus masses can be said for the dead?
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Gregory the Great
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What controversy seemed too close to Apollinarianism?
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Monothelism
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Who denied the human will in Christ kicking off the Monothelete controversy?
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Sergius
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Who was condemned as a heretice at the 6th ecumenical council because they said there was "one" will?
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Sergius and Pope Honorius
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Iconodules wanted what?
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The uses of icons
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John of Damascus was a part of what?
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Those for Icondodules
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Who wrote "On the Orthodox Faith"
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John of Damascus
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Who wrote that the icons value is compared to the value of the incarnation. Jesus is the icons of the invisiable God John 1
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John of Damascus
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Who said that icons are just based on the priniciple of the incarnation?
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John of Damascus
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Who asked the question "do you worship Jesus? then who are worshiping a human being, so what is wrong with images?
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John of Damascus
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Which was the final Ecumenical counsel?
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the 7th
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What happened at the 7th Ecumenical Counsel?
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a distinguishment was made between worship and veneration of icons;
Worship only God It is inappropriate to worship an image; Veneration is okay. Venerating teaches the spiritual truths |
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The third theological controversy was about what?
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The Filioque
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Iconoclasts means what?
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destroyers
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Iconodules means what?
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worshipers
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the word Filioque means what?
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The Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.
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Who was mad that the Filioque was added to the Nicene Creed?
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The East
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Why was the EAst mad at the West's adding of the Filioque?
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They say that the Spirit and the Son come from the Father, not the Spirit comes from the Father and the Son
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According to the East the Filioque is what?
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Heresy
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Because of the west being condemned for using the Filioque with the nicene creed what creed was used?
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The Apostles Creed
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Who instituted the filioque?
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Charlamagne
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What was the end of the Filioque Controversy?
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The great scism of 1054 when the pope sends a bishop to constantinope to condemn them for not using the filioque and marrying priests
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When did the Eucharistic Controversies start?
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9th and 10th Centuries
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Who started the Eucharistic Controversies?
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Two monks named Radberitus and Ratrmnus from Corbie
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Who was Radberitus?
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A monk from Corbie who thought that during the eucharist Jesus was physically present
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Who was Ratramnus?
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A monk from Corbie who thought the during the eucharist Jesus is spiritually present
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The eucharistic controversy in the 9 and 10th century is theological not what?
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Mechanical
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Midievil Scholasticism started where?
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in the Cathedral schools that Charlemagne started to educate clergy
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Reason is elevated through what?
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Scholasticism
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Reason that strengthens faith is used in what
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Scholaticism
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Scholaticism was elevated by what?
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Aristatillionism
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Scholaticism elevates what instead of exegeting the text?
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What is visable and what is physically perceived
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What caused Christianity to become a system of belief, rather than the apostolic faith?
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Scholaticism
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What divorces theology of the church, not form the establishment but from the teaching?
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Scholaticism
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What has caused our separation today for orthodoxy and orthopraxy?
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Scholaticism
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What theologial started Scholaticism?
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Anselm of Canterbury - Proslogian
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Who was known for the "rise" of reason?
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Anselm
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Who used the ontological argument for the existence of God?
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Anselm
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What became a key question with Scholaticism?
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Authority
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Who said that because God is greater than anything tha tman can think of then tha tmeans He exists?
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Anselm
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What teaches that reason elevates itself above faith?
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Scholaticism
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With Scholaticism, faith is not based on revelation but on what?
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reason
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Who was responsible for "The Objective theory of the Atonement"?
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Anselm
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"The Objective theory of the Atonement" was what?
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This was not theological or philosophical, but was illustrative.
Object? Men are the cause of Christ's death but they are not the object of Christ's death. It is between God and Christ. “God gets paid off, because someone else payed it for you |
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"The Objective theory of the Atonement" by Anselm with its sacrificial language cause what?
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The idea of the Eucharist; Christ is offered up to God in the mass, not offered to us. It effected God, but it didn't effect us.
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Who wrote the "Sentences" or the opinions?
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Lombard
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What was the theological textbook for the western church?
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The Sentences by Lombard
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What was the SEntences by Lombard?
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It drew together all the authorities and it told people what to believe and what is true. It was based off other's opinions, arguments by statements. Lombard devices the system that draws on other's authority.
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Who represented the apex of theological scholasticism?
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Lombard
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What was "A History of Calamities" about"?
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An autobiography of Peter Abelard
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Who lost his girlfriend b/c of her father and casterated himself to fight temptation?
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Peter Abelard
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Who found that the "authories" contradicted themselves and their uses is unsatisfactory?
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Peter Abelard
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Who meant to not throw out Scholasticism but alter it?
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Peter Abelard
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Who added one more level of rationalization to explain the contradictions of "Authorities"?
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Peter Abelard
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Who was known for the "Subjective theory of atonement"?
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Peter Abelard
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What was the "Subjective theory of atonement"?
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We are the object of the atonement, rather than the Lombard's way. The death of Christ was a demonstration of the love of God, so that our lives are changed. The death of Christ was for motivation.
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What was Peter Abelard trying to do with the Subjective theory of atonement?
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get people to live rightly rather than think that Christ's died so sin can continue
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To Peter Abelard there was not a substitution for your sins but Christ died for what?
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so that we could live rightly
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Scholasticism schools became what?
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The theological method
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Who taught topical theology?
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Abelard
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Who is know for his Sentences, opinions or "proofs".
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Lombard
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What is an important term during the middle ages and scholasticism?
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Proof
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Weighing arguments, studying arguments and investigating arguments is the basis of what?
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Scholastic Theology
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What was taught in the middle ages at universities other than scholasticism?
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Mysticism
and Nominalism |
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What is mysticism?
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Contemplation of God; a personal or relationship truth they are trying to get to
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What is scholasticism?
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starting with doubt, not knowing, then figuring it out. Truth is sought out.
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Who is most important in Nominalism
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Mclaughlin
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What is Nominalism?
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The goal is to “receive” what is true through scripture and the community of faith, not reason. It is a progress past patristic theology. They are interested in the acts of God. They think the Scholastics have left the acts of God. They see them as observers of nature.
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Who looked at the "acts" of God?
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nominalists
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Who looked at the universals to see God?
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Scholastics
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What teachin was against the scholastics?
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Nominalists
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Who looks at what God has done in the past and think that this is what God will always do. (This puts God in a Box)?
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Scholastics
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Who said that "God is not a set of true statements, or finite observations; He is above this. God is not subjective to the rules of the scholastics."?
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Nominalists
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What is the difference between Nominalism and Scholasticism that is not exegetical.
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Scholasticism is striving to know the universals and Nominalism is striving to know the acts of God.
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What group wins out in the end, the Nominalists or the Scholastics?
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Scholastics
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The treaching of transubstantiantion is big with what group?
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Scholastics
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Counsil of Constance was when?
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1414
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What happened at the council of constance?
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John Hess was killed; and The pope cannot decide where their truth will come from
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Who translated the Bible out of latin into english?
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John Wycliff
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Where did John Wycliff go to school?
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Oxford
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What John Wycliff a scholastic theologian?
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no
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He goes to an Augustinian understanding of salvation grace and the church (visible/invisible).?
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Wycliff
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He sees the monarchy is corrupt (morally). He speaks out against this and even says the pope is not even a Christian. He believes the Bible is a book for believers. The Bible is for the church so it needs to be available to the church. Currently it was taught in Latin.?
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Wycliff
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Who did not finish the english translation of the Bible, but his friends did?
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Wycliff
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After he translates the Bible he starts to see that the teaching of the transubstantiation and praying to saints is not in the Bible. There is also no use of icons or purgatory. ?
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Wycliff
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Wycliffe was around 100 years before who?
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Luther
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Wycliffe's greatest accomplishment was his influence of ?
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John Huss,
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Who goes back to Bohemia and teaches “life-style” reform to the clergy.
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Huss
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Huss is seen as a heretic because he doesn't read the bible in?
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Latin
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When Huss attacks the behavior of the clerics he attacks the church, and this means he is a what?
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Heretic
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The clerics in Huss' day thought what about sinful behavior?
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The clerics didn't want their lifestyle changed. The clerics see that church is a mediator, regardless of how they live.
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Who said to the clerics that if you don't live right then the people won't live right.
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Huss
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Who starts preaching against purgatory, and preaching in latin. And if 1411 s excommunicated by the Pope?
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Hess
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Who went to Rome to face the Pope and was promised safe travel by the emporer, but was burned there at the stake?
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Hess
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Who was killed at Conference of Constance?
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Hess
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Four articles were drawn up by the Bohemian church after waht?
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The revolution after Hess's death
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What did the four Bohemian Articles say?
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The Four Articles were drawn up by the church against the church
1.The Word of God is to be preached (In their language) 2.Communion is to offer both the bread and the wine (scholastic teaching was that only the bread should be offered, not wine) 3.The church is to practice the apostolic poverty of the clergy (not become wealthy or have income outside of the church) (they became rich at that time) (Jesus said live off what the people in the church give you to the apostles). 4.Public sin (especially amongst the clergy) must be published publicly |
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Did the pope separate the bohemians form Rome?
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YES and told them never to preach their teaching
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Where did the Moravian church or the church of the bretheran come from?
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The Bohemian revelution
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Humanism is the culture of what?
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the Renaissance
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When did the antiquities started to be read?
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the Renaissance
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Why were the antiquities of such value during the the Renaissance?
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people wanted to learn ov eth humanities
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What was the motto of the the Renaissance?
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Go to the sources "ad fontes"
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A whole new grasp of the languages was grasped during when?
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the Renaissance
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Christians were influenced by humanism during the the Renaissance by doing what?
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reading greek and hebrew - going to the texts
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The hierarchy is apposed to this humanism because why?
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Scholasticism doesn't go back to the original writings.
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During the Renaisance what happens to the universities?
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The universities that were built by the scholastics is now being taken over by the humanists
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The universities are the focal point of what
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Renaissance
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Who is Erasmus?
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He is a humanist theologian in Roderdam and Luther are friends
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Who Popularized Christian humanism
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Erasmus
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Who Translated Greek Manuscripts that came from the over take of constantinople back hundreds of year before?
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Erasmus
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Who created his own critical edition of the greek new testament.
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Erasmus
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Who found that that the scholastics read that Jerome was wrong in the Volgate. They are to “do” penance or rather “be” penant. This was wrong they are to “be” penant.
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Erasmus
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