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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chronological Order of Major Chinese Dynasties
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Qin, Han (Former and Later), Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing
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What was the significance of the imperial examination system in China?
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The imperial examination was based on the a man's knowledge of the classical Confucian literature. Men applied for govt. positions by taking the imperial exam. Scholars believed that all of China's problems were moral or ethical in nature. If Confucianism was followed by all of the government officials, then everything would fall into place.
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What were the positive points of the examination system?
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(1)Put the best men forward
(2)Encouraged literacy (3)Men willing to work hard (4)Everyone had the same political ideals and would not disagree |
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What were the negative points of the imperial examination system?
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(1)Men only focused on one subject
(2)The government did not the skills necessary to modernize. (3)Discouraged education and literacy among the poverty stricken. (4)Very few from the lower class could take advantage of this opportunity. |
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Name the differences between the Chinese and Japanese language.
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Chinese: (1)Different Dialects
(2)Subject/Verb/Object (3)Verb stays the same (4)Monosyllabic Japanese (1)Homogenous Language (2)Subject/Object/Verb (3)Verb changes with intension ,inflection, and conjugation (4)Polysyllabic |
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Name the differences between Confucianism and Legalism.
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Confucianism: (1)Filial Piety
(2)Education (3)Antiquity (4)Initial Good Nature (5)Ritual and Music Imp. (6)Emphasize Relationship (7)Ruler influences sub. Legalism: (1)Emphasize Strong State (2)Initial Bad Nature (3)Goal of Wealth and Power (4)Laws Important (5)Obedient subjects will make a virtuous ruler (6)Rewards and Punishment |
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What was the well-field system?
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Under this system, eight families each farmed an outside field and joined together to cultivate the inside field for their lord.
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How is Japanese Jomon culture best known?
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(1)Rope pattern pottery
(2)Clay figurines of human and animal likenesses |
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What were the eras in China and Japan that have inspired literature and art extolling the warrior ethic?
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China = 3 Kingdoms Period (Wu, Wei, and
Shu) Japan = Kamakura Period |
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How did Buddhism change to be more appealing to the Chinese?
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(1)Buddhists texts were translated into
Chinese (2)Employed Daoist terminology for translated Buddhist words (3)Fused with Confucianism (filiality) |
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What are the five relationships in Confucianism?
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(1)Ruler & Minister
(2)Friend & Friend (3)Husband & Wife (4)Father & Son (5)Younger Brother & Elder Brother |
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Describe the life of an 8th-century Buddhist monk in China.
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(1)Celibacy
(2)Deprive of worldly treasures (3)Eliminating Desire (4)Meditation Important |
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What is the mandate of heaven and to whom does it pertain?
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Very attractive principle; Heaven gives permission to one righteous ruler; good rulers are educated, moral, and ethical/this was the only way heaven will look foavorably upon you. Pertained to the emperor
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What did Neo-Confucianism add?
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Li = principle; interaction of all
things; one thing that influences everything else; no form Qi = vital energies, material force, psychophysical stuff; makes things unique; form |
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What were some of the ideas and institutions that Japan borrowed from Tang China?
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(1)New Religious Ideas (Buddhism)
(2)The Chinese Calendar (3)Concepts of Government (4)New court ranks (5)Equal field system (6)Tang-style tax system was introduced |
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What is the dynastic cycle?
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The rise and fall of successive families of rulers that have the "Mandate of Heaven".
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How is Daoism different from Confucianism?
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Daoism: (1)Focus on natural harmony
(2)Content with ignorance and in tune with nature (3)Not humanistic (4)No emphasis on education (5)Not moralistic (6)Lower class of people more in touch with nature Confucianism: (1)Focus on social harmony (2)Education is important (3)Moralistic (4)Scholarly Class Imp. (5)Humanistic |
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What was the social hierarchy in China and Japan with respect to occupation?
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China: Scholars/Farmers/Artisans/Merchants
Japan: Warriors/Famers/Artisans/Merchants |
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Why was Heian literature almost exlusively a women's concern?
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Court ladies had ample leisure for reading and writing. They had inactive days. Learned how to write in katakana.
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What beefits did those who passed the imperial examinations enjoy?
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(1)Government Position
(2)No Labor Tax (3)Wealth |
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Why foot-binding?
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In a convergence of ethics and aesthetics, timy feet were thought to enhance a girl's attractiveness and, at the same time, to deter her from straying into mischief. (Song Dynasty)
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