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35 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
The Last Ice Age
2.5 mya, engulfed central North America with ice sheets
Land Bridge
aka Berengia, 1st stage of Wisconsin Glacialization, that allowed humans to traverse across Russia to Alaska
Great Melting
4th stage of Wisconsin Glacialization, where water levels signficantly increase and most people came in after either by fleeing from enemies or starvation (PUSH) or from want to explore and animals (PULL)
Martin Luther
German monk, doctrine of "Faith Alone," wrote 95 Theses, believed in 2 sacraments (Baptism and Communion), translates Bible to German, splits the church
Reformation
16th century rise of Protestanism
95 Theses
document posted to a church door protesting certain Roman Catholic practices that he believed contradicted the will of God as revealed in Scripture
Mayans
900BC, Large communites (Tikal = 20k), created calendar (12.21.2012), declined by 1st century AD
Aztecs
800-1000AD, militaristic class social structures, decline upon Spanish arrival, had tribute of human sacrifice.
Pueblos
SW United States, architecture in cliff dwellings in mountains, declined in 1100AD due to drought
Mississippian People
Lived in mounds as urban dwellers, tuberculosis caused dispersion into five tribes (lack of #'s to defeat Europeans)
Christopher Columbus
Italian hired by Ferdinand and Isabella to find Asia via West, found Bahamas and brought back slaves as new institution
Hernan Cortez
conquistador who played the Aztecs and won in war and claimed Mexico for Spanish
De Coronado
sought Cibola or City of Gold, but ended up wandering through Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arizona, and New Mexico
Columbian Exchange
exchange of people, plants, and animals between Europe, Africa, and North America
Lost Colony of Roanoke
First attempt by English to colonize by Sir Walter Raleigh. A first effort dissipated and a second left a ghost town with only Croatan on a tree found.
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in mainland America, est. 1607 by Virginia Company, named after James I. Suffered horribly from poor survival skills and terrible marsh area that bred disease and starvation. John Smith eventually moves it inland more.
Joint-Stock Companies
a business financed thru the sale of shares of stock to investors; where investors share in both profits and losses from risky venture. Held by crown, sold privately.
John Smith
Moves Jamestown inland, instills obedience, promotes Virginia Company in GB, and introduces tobacco which saves Virginia.
Powhatan
Chief of Pamunkey Tribes and treated colonialists as dependent to tribes, father of Pocahontas.
Pocahontas
Married John Rolfe and served as mediary between Natives and colonialists. Died in GB from small pox.
John Rolfe
Husband of Pocahontas, instrumental in introducing W. Indies tobacco and in methods of preserving and processing of tobacco
Headright System
the grant of 50 acres of land for each settler brought over to Virginia by a colonist, on top of the 50 granted to the colonist originally.
Maryland Colony
Set up by Cecilius Calvert to protect Catholic interests in the New World, led by powerful noblemen and populated by obedient tenant farmers. Ended up being a struggle between Catholics and Protestants causing numerous raids and wars
Lord Baltimore
Pseudonym of Calvert family line that started with George and Cecilius as Catholics and ended with the 4th Lord Baltimore reverting to the Church of England.
Religious Toleration Act of 1649
An act written by Cecilius Calvert in response to Oliver Cromwell's Puritan gov't taking over England. Cromwell repealed the act, but it had promised denominational respect.
Puritans
Outside the Church of England and called for purification of culture/church. Against monarchy of James and Charles
Separatists
English Protestants who chose to leave the Church of England because believed it was corrupt
Mayflower Compact
an agreement drafted in 1620 when the pilgrims reached America that granted political rights to all male colonists who would abide by the colony's laws.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Directed by Puritan John Winthrop with the mission of creating a "city upon a hill" that would persuade English men that their reforms of Christianity were correct. Consisted of tight-knit farming communities that hived off when villagers needed a closer town center.
Great Migration
The movement of Puritans from England to America in the 1630's caused by the Church of England's threat to dissenters.
John Winthrop
Based city on 3C's: Community (included Puritan work ethic), Covenant (included Predestination), and Commonwealth (dissent wont happen and all had say in town hall meetings as long as they were members of the church)
Puritan Work Ethic
belief that everyone had a destined calling and that they should find it and then share it.
Roger Williams
Preached separation of church and state in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Banned from colony and founded Providence where their was religious freedom and separation between church and state.
Anne Hutchinson
A religious leader banished from MA in 1636 bc of her criticism of colonial gov't and what were judged to be heretical beliefs (aka "covenant of grace" - idea of promised salvation regardless of church, minister, or worship service)
Salem Witch Trials
Mass accusations of witchcraft stemming from one incident of shaking girls and their black housemaid, Tituba. Results in 19 executions based on spectral evidence. Accusers: Puritan farmers. Accused: worldly merchants and citizens.