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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Ch. 1 -
ICE AGE |
Began 150,000 years ago and started warming 15-20,000 years ago - Europe, Eurasia and New World were Tundra or Coniferious Forest - Great migrations toward cold climate in search of large game - cave art - last great era of globalization
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10,000 BC (5,000 years before)
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Ch. 1 -
MONTE VERDE |
S. Chile - 12,500 years ago - excavated in 1970's - village of mammoth hunters - boy's footprints perserved - disproved theories about when people came to the Americas
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S. Chile
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Ch. 1 -
HUNTER-GATHERERS |
Hunt game and collect plant foods instead of growing crops - agriculture appears around 8,000 years ago - Aborigines never adopted agriculture - started as early as 12,000 years ago
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started in 10,000 BC
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Ch. 1 -
STEPPE |
vast, grass covered plain - dry, plain covered shrub grass - Medeterrenean during Ice Age
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Mediterrenean during Ice Age
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Ch. 2 -
AGRICULTURAL HUSBANDRY |
breeding animals and cultivating crops - replaced hunter gather society - could exploit and herd animals instead of hunting them - changed human views of creation - increase in disease because of close contact w/ animals
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change in human views of creation
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Ch. 2 -
ABORIGINES |
1770 James Cook landed in N. Australia - reject acticulture - Cook though they were stupid or subhuman - were doing fine without farming - no need to domesticate wild foods
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"Where wild foods are abundant, there is no need to domesticate them"
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Ch. 2 -
POTATOES |
mountain agriculture - Andes - 12,000-7,000 years ago - total nutrition for human body - poisonous at low altitudes - more predators at low altitudes - able to support large populations
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Andes
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Ch. 2 -
RYE & BARLEY |
Eurasia & Africa - 10,000 years ago - staple crop - winter crop
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10,000 years ago
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Ch. 2 -
INDO EUROPEANS |
migrants from Asia who colonized Europe - brought farming materials & knowledge - brought indo european languages from indus valley (sanscript) - began about 6,000 years ago -
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Ch. 2 -
RICE |
grows well in swamplands - produced in Ganges River in India and Yangtze River valley in China - 8,000 years ago - zhou dynasty - movement to south - adds to chinese barley diet
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Chinese expansion
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Ch. 3 -
NILE DELTA |
5,000-2,000 years ago - gradual warming and drying climet led to reliance on seasonal flooding for irrigation - marshlands had birds, animals, fish, etc.
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irrigation
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Ch. 3 -
HARAPPA |
Indus Valley - undecipherable writing - Indus river was harsh and unpredictible - led to droughts and drying up of Saraswati river - used to flood 2x a year which allowed for 2 staple crops (wheat & barley)- basis of wealth was their surplus of agriculture - expansion was their solution to feeding its dense population - weakness and strength (can't expand forever)
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Unpredictible
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Ch. 3 -
INDUS VALLEY |
One of the original 4 river valley civilizations - modern day Pakistan - Harappan civilization - floods 2x a year - led to rapid population growth and urbanization - 2500
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1 of 4
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Ch. 3 -
YELLOW RIVER |
China - isolated by long distances and physical barriers - flooding turns soil fertile - river needs careful management - grew grain and millet - 3,000-4,000 years ago - ruled by the Shang dynasty - gradually expanded S. toward Yangtze River under Zhou dynasty
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Shang
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Ch. 3 -
URUK |
Mesopotamia - city of Gilgamesh - 2700 BCE - 5th king of Uruk - along Eurphrates River
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Gilgamesh
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Ch. 3 -
PHARAOH |
Egypt - ruler - law makers - religious leader - living gods - 2,000 BCE
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God king
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Ch. 3 -
GIZA |
Egypt - 2500 - pyramids - Khufu - near old capital of memphis - afterlife, posessions of tombs , wonder of the world, power and accomplishments
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Importance of pyramids
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Ch. 4 -
MYCENEAN CULTURE |
southern peloponese of greece - 1600-1100 BCE - fortified citied - war like - palace store houses for redistribution - palace of pylos - bronzework, perfumed oils traded with egypt and hittites - founders of western civilization (greeks) - earthquakes, strain of war, political failure led to collapse
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founders of western civilization
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Ch. 4 -
HITTITES |
mixed farming of independant peasants; farmers and herders - support the state that protects them - king is sun god's earthly representative - in charge of war, justice, and relations w/ the gods - strict sex and moral codes - paradoxical growth; over extende empire, disrupt trade but acquire food and resources - 1800-1200 BCE
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paradoxical growth
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Ch. 4 -
SEA PEOPLES |
1200 BCE - almost destroyed Egypt - attacked Palestine, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Syria - contributed to instability in mediterranean during 12th century - possibly influenced greece's dark age
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1200 BCE
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Ch. 4 -
RIG VEDA |
collection of hymns and poems - "useless" story - from Harappa - written around 800 BCE but had been orated for centuries before - sacred text of hinduism - writen in indo european language
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hinduism
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Ch. 4 -
Brahman |
supreme god - ganges civilization - a member of the highest priestly caste of indian society - concept of hinduism - similar to oneness of judaism or christianity but encompasses more the universe than a single being
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god
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Ch. 4 -
Hammurabi |
first King of Babylonia - first written law code - very harsh punishments - 1800-1750 BCE - conquered mesopotamia - written on a stone tablet
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law
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Ch. 4 -
Epic of Gilgamesh |
Gilgamesh is the king of Uruk - 12 clay tablets around 7th cent but story probably orated for long before then - not sure if gilgamesh was a real king
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7th cent
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Ch. 4 -
ZHOU EMPIRE |
succeeded shang dynasty - mandate of heaven - highland herders - 1100-700bce - learned bronze casting and turtle shellk oracle from shang - abandoned shang bone oracle traditions
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replaced shang
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Ch. 4 -
MANDATE OF HEAVEN |
emperors were chosen by the gods to serve as emperor, as long as they behaved in a righteous way - emperors who lost the mandate could be overthrown or deposed
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divine right to rule
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Ch. 4 -
OLMEC CULTURE |
3000 years ago - s. central mexico - river valley civilization -
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mexico
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Ch. 4 -
CRETE |
Minoan civilization - not like myceneans, no warlike - palace of knossos - 1500 years ago - mountains for protection - earthquakes
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minoans
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Ch. 4 -
ENLIL |
chief god of mesopotamia - creation stories
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creation stories
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Ch. 4 -
CUNEIFORM |
Akkadian cuneiform - first form of writing - wedge shaped markings - mesopotamian - 3000 bce
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writing
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Ch. 4 -
AFTERLIFE |
2000 bce egyptian pov changed - not practical training for afterlife anymore, but moral judgement - anubis
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moral judgement
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Ch. 4 -
TEN COMMANDMENTS |
moral code for christianity - authorized by god and given to moses on Mt. Sinai - judaism too -
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moral code
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Ch. 5 -
PHOENICIA |
big traders and colonizers (for trade) - 1,000 BCE - cultural exchange - writing system
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culture and writing
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Ch. 5 -
ASSYRIA |
upper tigris river - fear was the cement of the empire - kings were close to gods - empire fell when kings tried to claim divinity or magical powers - very war like state
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fear = power
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Ch. 5 -
NEBUCHADNEZZAR |
605-562 - attacked judah - destroyed solomon's temple - exhiled jews - built hanging gargens of babylon - babylon's last era of greatness
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exhile of jews
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Ch. 5 -
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD |
wonders of the ancient world - pyramid of giza (2500) - hanging gardens of babylon (600) - statue of zeus at olympia (432) - temple of artemis at ephesus (550) - mausoleum of maussollos (350) - colossus of rhodes (280) - light house at alexandria (250)- written by herodotus and callimachus
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herodotus
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Ch. 5 -
JERUSALEM |
holy city - jews exhiled to babylon in 580 after constant warfare between israel and judah -
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neb.
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Ch. 6 -
ZOROASTER |
late 7th cent. - not much about him, but started belief in zoroastrism - dualist religion - forced of good and evil control the universe
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dualist
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Ch. 6 -
TAO TE CHING |
4th century - antimaterialism - book w/ virtues of daoism - "useless" story from class - examples of polytheistic and monotheistic religions
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book of virtues
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Ch. 6 -
CONFUCIANS |
chinese doctrine founded by confucius - emphasizes learning and he fulfillment of obligations among family members, citizens, and the state - philosopher - 550
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philosopher
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Ch. 6 -
OEDIPUS REX |
tragedy by sophocles - 430 - oedipus kills his father and marries his mother (unknowingly) - hubris is the character's flawed trait
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sophocles
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Ch. 6 -
QI |
"Chi" from china - energy in body - universe and sky in balance - relates to greek concept of ether but that only pertains to the heavens - used for balance - related to taoism's balance of ying and yang - important for medicine - 4th cent.
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balance
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Ch. 6 -
EPICYCLES |
pythagoros - how planets are measured
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Ch. 6 -
FIVE PHASES |
water, wood, fire, earth, metal -
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Ch. 6 -
FOUR ELECMENTS |
earth, water, air, fire, (and ether) - 4th cent. - ancient greece
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e, w, a, f + E
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Ch. 6 -
PERSIAN WAR |
500-450 - Daris I and Xerxes - Ionian revolt triggered war - greek city states fighting to keep persian empire out
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Xerxes / ionian revolt
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Ch. 6 -
SPARTA |
Greek City state - leader in perisan war because of military power - citizens lived for state - leonidas and lycurgis - s. peloponese - 650 came to military power - fought athens in peloponesian war
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Ch. 6 -
POLIS |
Greek city state
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Ch. 6 -
ARISTOTLE |
student of plato - philosopher - taught alexander the great - 384-322 - against spartan women -
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Ch. 6 -
HERODOTUS |
father of history - wrote about persian wars in The Histories - did research - traveled and examined archives - 484-425
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Ch. 6 -
CREON |
"King" - oedipus rex - ruler of thebes - antigone - 495-406
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Ch. 6 -
JEAN ANOUILH |
1910 - 1987 - rewrote antigone play - made a allegory to nazi's
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Ch. 6 -
LEGALISTS |
770-221 - one of China's 4 schools of thought - political philosophy that upholds the law - han fei = famous contributor - fa (law), shu (method), shi (power)
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chinese philosophy
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Ch. 7 -
HORACE |
65-8 - roman lyric poet during time of augustus - against mean patrons - against the city of rome
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against patron - against rome
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