Hist 104 Final Test

Front 1

Aeneas

Back 1

mythological hero mentioned in Homer’s Iliad; saved from the gods as a leader of Trojans’ dardanian allies; “King of Trojan People”

Hint 1

Poseidon

Front 2

Alexandria

Back 2

founded by Alexander 331 BCE, to supersede Naucratis as a Hellenistic center in Egypt and link to Greece and Nile Valley

Front 3

Antigonids

Back 3

a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus

Front 4

Archimedes

Back 4

one of the people who promoted a flourishing of literature, architecture, and scientific achievement in Hellenistic Monarchies

Front 5

Attalids

Back 5

ruled Pergamon, wealthiest Hellenistic Kingdom, largest part of Persian empire, Hellenistic statues came from here

Front 6

Augury

Back 6

practice from ancient Roman religion of interpreting omens from the observed flight of birds

Front 7

Augustus

Back 7

the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor

Front 8

Battle of Actium

Back 8

when Octavian fought Antony and Antony had to flee to Egypt; Octavian rules all of the Mediterranean

Front 9

Battle of Gaugamela

Back 9

last stand of Darius; Alexander pushed into the Egyptian Empire and Persia, and Darius’ army was defeated by Alexander, while Darius fled the battle when he had more troops

Front 10

Battle of Issus

Back 10

war in southern Anatolia in 333 BCE when Alexander the Great fought the Achaemenid Persians

Front 11

Battle of the Milvian Bridge

Back 11

312 CE; wins control of the Roman empire

Front 12

Carthage

Back 12

the centre of the ancient Carthaginian civilization; main rivals of Rome

Front 13

Christianity

Back 13

religion beginning in the Middle East where all the members were either Jewish or converted into the religion; mixed with Platonic philosophy; promises a better lot for people in the afterlife

Front 14

Cleopatra VII

Back 14

69-30 BCE; last active pharaoh to rule Egypt in the Ptolemaic dynasty; ruled after taking all the power from her younger brother Ptolemy XIII; upon finding out that Marc Antony was defeated by Augustus, she committed suicide by drinking a mixture of poisons

Front 15

Client kings / kingdoms

Back 15

subjects of Rome (i.e. Armenia, Judia); strategy from Romans to pick kings to leave administrative duties to them

Front 16

Consul

Back 16

rule for one year; at least two members at a time; carries out work of the state; generals

Front 17

Demetrius I

Back 17

Macedonian nobleman, military leader and became king of Macedon in 294 BCE to 288 BCE; Antigonid dynasty

Front 18

Demosthenes

Back 18

384-322 BCE; defender of Athenian and Greek freedom; made his way to the public through his speeches known as Philippics

Front 19

Dido

Back 19

the founder and first Queen of Carthage; legendary

Front 20

Diocletian

Back 20

Roman emperor from 284-305 BCE; blamed the Christians that the haruspices weren’t clear and that everyone were to purify themselves

Front 21

Dominate

Back 21

late Roman empire phase of government that follows the Principate; collapses into the hands of the Turkish Ottoman Empire

Front 22

Edict of Milan

Back 22

made Christianity legal to practice

Front 23

Etruscan culture

Back 23

people are viewed as individuals; the bronze chariot; practiced augury and haruspices

Front 24

Franks

Back 24

confederation of Germanic tribes in the land of Lower and Middle Rhine in 3rd cent. CE; raided Roman territory or joined Roman troops known as Gaul

Front 25

Gnaeus Pompey

Back 25

Roman political/milit. leader. “Magnus the Great”

Front 26

Golden Age of Latin Literature

Back 26

Under Augustus, intellectual enlightening. Livy and Illiad. Late 1st century BCE.

Front 27

Gordian Knot

Back 27

knot that was said that Alexander had untied. fulfilling the prophecy that he would rule all of Asia Minor

Front 28

Hadrian’s Wall

Back 28

marks the line where Trajan got to.

Front 29

Hannibal

Back 29

Main general of the Carthaginians; marched around with elephants during the Punic wars; more soldiers kept coming when Roman kept recruiting from the city-states

Front 30

Haruspicy

Back 30

religious practice of ancient Rome with the study of the livers of sacrificed sheep and other poultry

Front 31

Hellenistic kingdoms (characteristics of)

Back 31

adopted pre-existing local traditions of how to govern and the iconography of kingship; Seleucid and Ptolemaic monarchies → local ruler cults; arts and sciences produced flourishing of literature, architecture and scientific achievement

Front 32

Hellenistic philosophies (general knowledge)

Back 32

General philosophies (i.e. Stoicism)

Front 33

Judaism (general characteristics)

Back 33

located in Alexandria, Egypt and Antioch, Turkey; found in the end of the 4th cent. BCE; translated the Hebrew Bible into Koine Greek

Front 34

Julius Caesar

Back 34

Predecessor to Augustus, played role in Roman Republic’s demise; rises to the Roman Empire.

Front 35

Livy

Back 35

Latin Golden Age of literature. Wrote the entire history of Rome and its people.

Front 36

Koine

Back 36

word for the common Greek culture that emerges in the Hellenistic period that led to Alexander’s conquest

Front 37

Macedonia

Back 37

area north of Italy; place where Philip II, Olympias and Alexander the Great are from

Front 38

Manicheism

Back 38

one of the salvation religions of the high imperial period. Augustine was one

Front 39

Mark Antony

Back 39

killed by Augustus

Front 40

Mos maiorum

Back 40

the ways of the ancestors; Roman cultural principle; exceed the greatness.

Front 41

Neoplatonism

Back 41

3rd cent. CE; doctrine of “the One”/“the Good”; Plutarch

Front 42

Octavian / Augustus

Back 42

killed Marc Antony

Front 43

Paganism

Back 43

traditional religion in all societies of the ancient Mediterranean world: worshipped gods and goddesses, sacrificed animals, sacred land where rituals will be held

Front 44

Pax Romana

Back 44

literature, the arts, protection of private property, Romanization

Front 45

Pergamon

Back 45

ancient Greek city; colony of the Arcadians

Front 46

Philip II

Back 46

father figure of Alexander the great; ruled Macedonia from 357 until his assassination in 336 BCE.

Front 47

Pietas

Back 47

chief virtues among the ancient Romans; Augustus covering his head in honor the gods; also Anais; correct world order

Front 48

Plato

Back 48

Greek philosopher and mathematician in Classical Greece

Front 49

Polybius

Back 49

rise of the Roman Republic; how Rome came to all of world control; account of the Roman government.

Front 50

Princeps senatus

Back 50

Augustus co-op with prestige old male who has won many battles in his lifetime and serves multiple council chairs

Front 51

Principate

Back 51

231 BCE; when Augustus took power where the emperor and the senate rule as one

Front 52

Ptolemies

Back 52

dynasty of pharaohs in Egypt of Greek descent; reign began when Alexander conquered Egypt and ended with Cleopatra VII

Front 53

Roman Assemblies

Back 53

Machinery of the Roman legislative branch. Checked by the senate. Ended after Roman Republic collapsed.

Front 54

Roman Citizenship

Back 54

Held relationship with emperor in Ruler Cult. Privileged class with the rest (women, slaves, freedmen) under them with less rights. Granted to all in 212 by Caracalla.

Front 55

Roman Empire

Back 55

Collapse of Roman assemblies. Expansion under emperor, split up between east and west.

Front 56

Roman Monarchy (general knowledge of monarchs)

Back 56

developed of Roman imperial rule; supported cultural and artistic programs that were emulated by later European monarchs

Front 57

Roman Republic

Back 57

Removal of kings, before Julius’ assassination.

Front 58

Roman views of Christianity

Back 58

Killed people for being Christians, saw them as cannibals.

Front 59

Romulus

Back 59

son of Rhea Silvia; killed his twin brother Remus and founded Rome under his name

Front 60

Romulus Augustulus

Back 60

last of the Western Roman emperors, takes charge for 10 months before Germanic Odoacer takes over Rome.

Front 61

Ruler Cult

Back 61

combination of hero worship and ruler worship. (i.e. pharaohs); rules as gods in the Hellenistic period

Front 62

Sasanid / Sasanian Persians

Back 62

empire that takes over in the east; fought many wars with the Romans

Front 63

Second Punic War

Back 63

second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, Roman victory, Rome gains absolute domination of the western Mediterranean.

Front 64

Second Sophistic

Back 64

resurgence of the production of literature; Silver Age of Rome literature; (Trajan; Pax Romana)

Front 65

Seleucids

Back 65

successors of Alexander in Syria

Front 66

Senators

Back 66

in ancient Rome, the governing and advisory council that proved to be the most permanent element in the Roman constitution. Had 300 people.

Front 67

Silver Age of Latin Literature

Back 67

First century Augustan Age writing when speeches were dangerous to make. Satire was prevalent. So was works of stoic philosophy.

Front 68

Vestal Virgins

Back 68

were priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth. Studied after taking a vow of chastity.

Front 69

Visigoths

Back 69

branches of nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples collectively known as the Goths.