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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ten percent Plan
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Licoln's plan for reconstruction in December 1863 that provided fir the readmission to the Union of the former Confederate states. It stated when 10% of a state's 1860 voters took an oath of loyalty, a civilian gov could be formed.
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Wade-Davis Bill
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Congress' answer to Lincoln's plan for reconstruction that required a majority of a state's voters to express their loyalty to the Union.
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Military Reconstruction Act
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A law passed after the South's refusal to accept the Fourteenth Amendment in 1867; nullified existing state gov. and divided the South into 5 military districts headed by military governors.
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Tenure of Office Act
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Enacted in 1867, it required the President to get permission from The Senate before removing certain appointed officials.
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Carpetbaggers
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People who moved to the south during or following the Civil War and became active in politics; they helped bring Republican control of southern state govs during Reconstruction and were resented by white Southerners.
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Scalawags
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Southern White Republicans during Reconstruction; ignorant and degraded.
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Credit Mobilier
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Financial Scandal during Ulysses S. Grant's term administration in 1872 involving his VP and dummy RR company.
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Indian Peace Commission
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Indian chiefs were asked to restrict their tribes to reservations in Oklahoma and South Dakota.
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Andrew Johnson
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Became Pres. upon Lincoln's death.
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Republican ex-general elected President in 1868
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Susan B. Anothony
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Worked for Women's Suffrage
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Horace Greeley
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Wanted to "break up" the freedman's burear and have ex-slaves depend on themselves for self-reliance.
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Samuel J. Tilden
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democratic Candidate in 1867 election.
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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Republican candidate in 1867 election
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Social Darwinism
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Putting Darwin's theory into society.
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Gospel of Wealth
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Protestant work ethic had denounced idleness and viewed success as evidence of being among the "elect"- God's chosen people.
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Laissez-Faire
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French term that means "hands off"; the gov would leave the economy alone and not disrupt operation of these natural forces.
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Hatch Act of 1867
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Law creating Land Grant Colleges of Agriculture
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Atlanta Compromise
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Booker T. Washington's speech that outlined a basis for racial cooperation.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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Court case that legalized segregation.
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Great Strike of 1877
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B&O railroad workers striked after the third pay cut in a row. 100+ strikers were killed when military troopers were sent in to end the madness.
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Haymarket Square riot
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Labor protest that became a riot in 1886.
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Alexander G. Bell
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Invented the telephone.
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Thomas Edison
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worked in an inventor's lab in Menlo Park, NJ.
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George Westinghouse
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Invented alternating current in electric use and the air brake for railroads.
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J.P. Morgan
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One of Nation's 1st investment bankers.
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John D. Rockefeller
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Founder of the Standard Oil Company.
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Booker T. Washington
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Head of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute.
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James B. Duke
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Introduced the cigarette industry to the region.
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Birds of Passage
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Immigrants that do not plan to stay in the US. They send their money back home.
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Golden Door
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Chinese immigration to the US.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Law that suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years.
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National Origins Act
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No more than 2% of any nationality could immigrate to the US in 1890.
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Electric Trolley
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Cheaper to run and more dependable than the cable car.
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Skyscraper
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Tall multi-story building built with an iron or steal frame.
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Dumbbell tenements
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Meant to have 4 apt. per floor. Whole families lived in each room, causing crowded, unsanitary conditions.
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Lizzie Bordon
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Arrested for murder. Found not guilty because "a woman of her social standing simply could not have done it."
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Leo Frank
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Was convicted of the murder of Mary Phagan; the case demonstrated anti-Semitism.
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Samuel L. Clemens
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Best known American writer; wrote as "Mark Twain."
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Theodore Dreiser
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Naturalistic writer, described the "urban jungle."
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Jazz
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Musical form based on improvisational within a structured band format.
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Storyville
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Jazz musicians performing.
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John L. Sullivan
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Best known American athlete of the nineteenth century (bare-knuckle boxing).
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Bare-knuckle boxing
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Early boxing, athletes did not use gloves. Two men fought until one could not continue; rounds ended when one man went down, they rested for 30 seconds and the next round started. There could be over 100 rounds; lasting 7-8 hours.
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Marquis of Queensbury rules
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Standardized a round of bare-knuckle boxing to three minutes, allowing one-minute resting periods and replaced fight to the finish with a certain number of rounds.
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Frederick L. Olmsted
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Most famous park architect; designed Central Park.
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William K. L. Dickson
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Working for Edison, developed a machine to show motion pictures.
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Coney Island
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An amusement park in NY that attracted working-class citizens with its extravagance, gaiety, and instant gratification.
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Motion Pictures
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Offered a less expensive, more convenient escape than Coney Island.
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What are the differences between role conflict and role ambiguity?
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Role conflict occurs when a person's job roles or responsibilities conflict with one another, often seen at intermediate levels of supervision. Role ambiguity occurs when an individual is not provided enough information about his or her role to properly perform the job (e.g., no job description, performance standards, etc.)
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William Jennings Bryan
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Great speakers, became Pres. Wilson's Secretary of State.
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William McKinley
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(r)Elected Pres. in 1896 on a "gold" standard" platform.
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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After a disputed election of 1876 almost created a constitutional crisis, the presidency was snatched from Democrat Samuel J. Tilden and given to Rutherford B. Hayes.
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Coinage Act of 1873
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Law that halted the minting of silver dollars.
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Spoils System
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Policy of awarding political or financial help with a gov. job.
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Civil Service Commission
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Gave competitive exams for federal jobs.
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Grover Cleveland
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Elected Pres. on the basis that he was an "honest man."
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Benjamin Harrison
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Republican candidate in 1888 and he denounced Cleveland's "free trade" as unpatriotic.
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Interstate Commerce Commission
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First federal regulatory agency to regulate RRs.
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Sherman Silver Purchase Act
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Law passed in 1890 in response to popular pressure; required the gov. to purchase 4.5 million oz of silver each month at the ration 16:1.
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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Law passed in1890 to break up trusts and monopolies =.
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Initiative and Referendum
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Procedures Allowing citizans to proppose legislation through petitions.
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Panic of 1893
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A recession in 1893 gave power to the Populist in the 1896 election.
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Populist Party
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A political party in 1892 primarily by remnants of the Farmer's Alliance and Greenback party; sought to inflate currency with silver dollars and establish an income tax.
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Tom Watson
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Populist from Georgia who wanted to woo blacks.
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Homestead Strike
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Unsuccessful strike at Carnegie Steel's Homestead plant in 1892 that led to violence including the stabbing of the plant's owner.
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Pullman Strike
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Strike in a Chicago RR ca plant disrupted rail travel across the US.
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Eugene V. Deb
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Union leader who defied a federal injunction to stop the Pullman Strike
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Jacob S. Coxey
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Organized Coxey's Army to help unemployed workers during the depression.
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Coxey's Army
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Jacob S. Cxey organized an army of unemployed workers during the depression to demand the gov to provide jobs and inflate the currency.
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Mississippi Plan
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Provisions in the 1890 Mississippi constitution designed to disfranchise blacks through poll taxes, literacy tests, and residency requirements.
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Ida B. Wells
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Black woman newspapers editor who led a campaign against lynching.
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White Man's Burden
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Poem written by Budyard Kippling that shows Social Dawinism.
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Influence of Sea Power Upon History
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Book written to influence the US to build a new modern Navy
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Samoa
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Islands in the South Pacific where friction arose between US, Germany and Britain.
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Rough Riders
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US 1st volunteer cavalry in war with Spain
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Cuban Revolution of 1895
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Revolt by local Cubans against the Spanish rulers of the island; provided fuel for the Spanish-American War.
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Yellow Journalism
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Newspapers exaggerating already sad and inhumane conditions.
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"Remember the Main"
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National catchphrase following the mysterious 1898 explosion of the US batteship Maine in Havana harbor that inflamed public opinion, leading to the Spanish-American War.
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Spanish-American War
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War between US and Spain in 1898.
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Battle of Manila Bay
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Battle where Spain's navy was destroyed by the US.
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Platt Amendment
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Guaranteed Cuban Independence.
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Charles Sumner
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Chairman of the foreign relations committee under Grant.
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William H. Seward
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Expansionist Secretary of State
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Queen Liliuokalani
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Last native ruler of Hawaii.
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General Valeriano Weyler
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"Butcher" of Cuba
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William Randolph Hearst
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Publisher of NY Journal
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Vaulted to the Presidency by his popularity during the war with Spain.
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
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Said that Naval power was the key to national greatness.
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Joseph Pulitzer
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Publisher of NY World
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Commander George Dewey
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Commander of US fleet that attacked the Spanish at Manila Bay.
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Muller v. Oregon
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Supreme Court upholds limit of number of hours in a work day.
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Social Gospel
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Theology seminaries started to teach ministers social work skills to "heal the body as well as the spirit" of people.
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Muckrakers
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Investigative reporters and journalists who exposed "evil."
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Women's Christian Temperance Union
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Group that lead a prohibition movement against the sale of alcohol in the US.
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Settlement house movement
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Movement to create self help organizations for immigrants based on a model started by Jane Addams
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- organization to help blacks
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Triangle Shirtwaist Company
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Fire with factory doors locked which killed may workers; mostly women and children.
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Workers Compensation Laws
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Between 1910-1916, 32 states passed law that provided for benefits is a worker was hurt on the job.
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National Child Labor Committee
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Private organization that moved states to pass laws that protected women and children in the work place.
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Progressive (Bull Moose) Party
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Formed by T. Roosevelet to run for Pres. when he did not get the nomination of the Republican ?Party
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Big Stick Diplomacy
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Roosevelt sent the Navy with 16 battleships on a 1907-1909 around-the-world tour to intimidate Japan
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Federal Reserve System
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12 regional banks, private owned, under the control of the Federal Reserve Board
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Jane Addams
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Founded "Hull House", a settlement house, to help immigrants and others in the neighborhood with social problems.
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Ida Tarbell
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A "muckraker"; wrote the History of the Standard Oil Company.
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Founder and first leader of the NAACP/
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Robert La Follette
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Progressive reform governor and senator from Wisconsin.
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William Howard Taft
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Extreme Conservative, Republican from Ohio who was elected Pres in 1908.
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Allies
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All countries fighting against Germany, Austria, Turks, and Bulgarians.
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Neutrality
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From 1914 to 1917 the US tried to maintain this policy
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Central Powers
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Turks.
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Submarine Warfare
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Allies tried to put restrictions on this type of warfare.
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Zimmerman telegram
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Threat of war, Mexico and Germany against US.
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Industrial Workers of the World
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Wobblies; militiant socialist labor union that advocated one union for all workers and frequently employed the language of class warfare to dramatize demands.
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Sedition Act
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Made it a federal crime to use profane, scurrilous, disloyal, or abusive language about the Constitution, the gov, American uniform or the flag.
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Eighteenth Amendment
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Amendment that established prohibition by banning the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol.
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Great Migration
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Flow of poor farm men into cities in US looking for jobs.
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Conscription
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Compulsory draft of enrollees to serve in the military; put into effect in WWI by the Selective Service Act in May 1917.
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Red Scare
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Fear of radicalism and Communism following WWI; triggered by labor strikes and bombings which led to widespread vigilantism as well as extreme measures by gov.
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Fourteen Points
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Pres. Wilson's plan for peace after WWI.
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League of Nations
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World body of Nations after WWI
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Treaty of Versailles
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Treaty which ended WWI.
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Vladimir I. Lenin
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Overthrew the provisional gov., promising "Peace to the army, land of peasants, ownership of the factories to the workers."
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Oliver Wendell Holmes
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Court's leading champaign of civil liberties. Delivered the famous "clear and present danger" doctrine.
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General John J. Pershing
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Wilson's choice to lead the American Expeditionary Force who refused to send raw recruits to the front and rejected demands that American units be integrated into British and French regiments.
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J. Edgar Hoover
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Led General Intelligence Division in the Justice Department; which made plans for a coordinated gov. attack on gathered suspected Communists.
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Restrictive covenant
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A formal deed restriction that bound white property owners in a given neighborhood to sell only to whites.
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Amos 'n Andy
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Popular radio show first aired in 1926 from Chicago station WMAQ; spread vicious racial stereotypes about blacks.
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Jazz Age
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Catch phrase coined by author F. Scott Fitzgerald to denote the 1920s, which gave rise to popular jazz artists such as Louis Armstrong.
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"Black Sox" scandal
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8 Chicago White Sox players threw the 1919 World Series and were ultimately banned from the sport.
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Flapper
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Term for a liberated woman who flaunted conventional ideas of propriety in dress and manners in the 1920s.
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19 Amendment
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Passed in1920, gave women the right to vote.
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Prohibition
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Ban of the production, sell, and consumption of alcohol.
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Scopes "Monkey Trial"
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Trial against John Scopes in 1925 for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in a Tennessee public school.
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Harlem Renaissance
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Self-conscious black cultural, literary, and artistic movement centered in Harlem, NY during 1920s.
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Sacco and Vanzetti case
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Italian immigrants, anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested and tried for the robbery and murders of two men in Braintree, Massachusetts and were exploited for their radical views and put to death July 14, 1921.
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Teapot Dome scandal
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Scandal in which Pres Warren G. Harding's Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall was convicted of accepting large bribes in exchange for leasing drilling rights on federal naval oil reserves. This was the first conviction of a cabinet member for crimes in office.
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Black Tuesday
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Oct 29, 1929 the day of the stock market crash that helped initiate the Great Depression.
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Henry Ford and Alfred Sloan
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Automotive titansl symbolized the profound transformations that took place in American industry during the 1910s and 1920s.
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Marcus Garvey
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Black leader; rejected integration and preached racial pride and self-help.
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Charles Lindbergh
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Became the first person to fly nonstop across the Atlantic from NY to Paris in 1928.
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George (Babe) Ruth
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Baseball's undisputed superstar. in 1921 the NY Yankee slugger hit 59 home runs- more than any other team combined.
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Sigmund Freud
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Psychologist and Vienna physician, he revolutionized academic and popular thinking about human behavior by aruing the subconscious sexual anxieties casue most of the human behaviors.
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Alfred C. Kinsey
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Sex researcher in the 1950s at Indiana University- found that women born after 1900 were twice as likely to have had premarital sex as their mothers.
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Clarence Darrow
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Scope's lawyer in 1925 in the Scopes Trial.
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A. Philip Randolph
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Editor of the Messenger; urged blacks to seek administration to trade unions.
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