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198 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All of the following were Captains of Industry except:
A) John D. Rockefeller. B) Andrew Carnegie. C) Samuel Gompers. D) J. P. Morgan. |
C) Samuel Gompers
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Which of the following can be associated with the death of the Knights of Labor?
A) Carnegie Steel Strike B) Great Railroad Strike C) International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union Strike D) Haymarket Square |
D) Haymarket Square
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Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian?
A) Valuable natural resources out West gave U.S. settlers a powerful incentive to remove Indians. B) The widespread image of Indians as barbaric discouraged measures to protect their independence. C) Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power. D) The U.S. government regularly broke treaties designating which land would remain in the hands of the Indians. |
C) Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power.
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Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?
A) 1860 B) 1880 C) 1900 D) 1870 |
B) 1880
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The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?
A) the airplane B) telephone C) hand-held camera D) typewriter |
A) the airplane
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Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
A) Dawes Act; Wounded Knee massacre; Ghost Dance campaign; battle of Little Big Horn B) Munn v. Illinois; Wabash v. Illinois; Interstate Commerce Act; Lochner v. New York C) Sherman Antitrust Act; Interstate Commerce Act; Civil Service Act; Panic of 1873 D) founding of Knights of Labor; Haymarket Affair; Great Railroad Strike of 1877; close of Reconstruction |
B) Munn v. Illinois; Wabash v. Illinois; Interstate Commerce Act; Lochner v. New York
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The 1887 Dawes Act:
A) guaranteed federal employees an eight hour day. B) led to the loss of tribal lands, and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions. C) established federal railroad rates, making interlocking directorates illegal. D) established a federal minimum wage law for women and children. |
B) led to the loss of tribal lands, and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
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Which of the following was not a key episode of the "great upheaval" of 1886?
A) the Haymarket Affair B) nationwide demonstrations for an eight-hour day C) America's first nationwide railroad strike D) Henry George's New York mayoral campaign |
C) America's first nationwide railroad strike
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In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except:
A) Irish-Americans. B) Protestant immigrants. C) Union veterans. D) African-Americans. |
A) Irish-Americans.
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In 1890 the distribution of wealth in the United States was:
A) equal. B) the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent C) about equally distributed. D) unknown, as data on wealth was not then collected |
B) the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent
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Which was not a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution?
A) growing supply of labor B) low tariffs C) the country's abundant natural resources D) expanded markets for manufactured goods |
B) low tariffs
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The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is:
A) "Laissez-faire." B) "Cooperative commonwealth." C) "Liberty of contract." D) "Survival of the fittest." |
B) "Cooperative commonwealth."
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The Industrial Revolution in the United States took place principally in:
A) the Northeast and the Midwest. B) the Southeast and Southwest. C) the Southwest and Northwest. D) the mid-Atlantic states and the Southwest. |
A) the Northeast and the Midwest.
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The book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes:
A) Looking Backward B) Civic Engagement C) Progress and Poverty D) The Cooperative Commonwealth |
C) Progress and Poverty
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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the years from 1873 to 1897 were known as:
A) Reconstruction. B) the Great Depression. C) the Jazz Age. D) the Age of Jackson. |
B) the Great Depression.
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Which of the following was not a focus of debate between Democrats and Republicans during the Gilded Age?
A) memories of the Civil War and Reconstruction B) tariffs on imported goods C) federal income tax levels D) laws governing cultural habits |
C) federal income tax levels
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Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance?"
A) a traditional rain dance B) feared by U. S. Army officials C) an Irish folk dance D) an Anasazi dance paying tribute to Kokopelli |
B) feared by U. S. Army officials
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Two of the Gilded Age's leading business figures were:
A) Henry George and Thomas A. Edison. B) Henry Demarest Lloyd and John D. Rockefeller. C) Terence V. Powderly and William Graham Sumner. D) Thomas A. Scott and Andrew Carnegie. |
D) Thomas A. Scott and Andrew Carnegie.
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19.
What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886? A) the Congress of Industrial Organizations B) the Workingman's Union C) the Knights of Labor D) the American Federation of Labor |
C) the Knights of Labor
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Between 1870 in 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?
A) 65 million B) 11 million C) 25 million D) 1 million |
C) 25 million
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According to Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by:
A) banning segregation in federal buildings, and offering free education to freemen. B) enacting federal child labor laws, minimum wage laws, and maximum power laws. C) ratifying the equal rights amendment act, and guaranteeing women the right to vote. D) granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs. |
D) granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs.
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Which of the following was not a theme of Social Darwinism?
A) Charles Darwin's scientific theories help to explain—and justify—class inequalities in industrial society. B) By and large, the poor have only themselves to blame for their misfortune. C) The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom. D) Government initiatives to ease the hardships of the poor are misguided. |
C) The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom.
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Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller’s Company?
A) U.S. Steel B) Union Pacific Railroad C) Triangle Shirtwaiste Company D) Standard Oil Company |
D) Standard Oil Company
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Which type of industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?
A) mercantile B) oil C) steel D) steam boats |
C) steel
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The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was:
A) William Marcy Tweed. B) Charles Dudley Warner. C) Schuyler Colfax. D) James A. Garfield. |
A) William Marcy Tweed.
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Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction Era:
A) sought the repatriation of expatriate fugitives. B) believed that the government should minimize its involvement in the economy and allow laissez-faire to flourish. C) allied themselves with the president in an effort to bring about “freedom and justice for all.” D) believed that the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principal of equal rights for all, regardless of race. |
D) believed that the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principal of equal rights for all, regardless of race.
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In consequence of the “Bargain of 1877,” President Rutherford B. Hayes ordered:
A) federal troops to be withdrawn from the South. B) that future bargains, such as those promoted by the corrupt politicians involved in the Whiskey Ring, be made illegal. C) federal troops to return to their barracks. D) all federal purchase orders for military uniforms to be set at bargain or discount prices. |
A) federal troops to be withdrawn from the South.
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What was being reconstructed (constructed again) in Reconstruction?
A) slavery B) the nation C) the Civil War D) the West |
B) the nation
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Who among the following was not a leader of the Radical Republicans?
A) Charles Sumner B) Thaddeus Stevens C) Andrew Johnson D) Benjamin Wade |
C) Andrew Johnson
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One of the main purposes of the Freedmen’s Bureau was to:
A) encourage whites to work for blacks, as a way to deepen interracial understanding. B) induce former slaves to work for free, at least until they proved their usefulness to potential employers. C) ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders. D) encourage freedpeople to move out West, where they could make a new start. |
C) ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.
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In the five years following the end of the Civil War, former slaves were guaranteed the following in three amendments to the U.S. Constitution:
A) forty acres; education; and equal justice under law. B) forty acres and a mule; education; and equality. C) the right to marry anyone of their choosing; freedom of assembly; and land. D) freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men. |
D) freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men.
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In which of the following nations was the institution of slavery replaced by indentured servitude?
A) West Indies B) Haiti C) England D) China |
D) China
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Which was not true of Liberal Republicans in the post–Civil War era?
A) They believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded. B) They formed their own political party. C) They nominated Horace Greeley for president. D) They were less committed to equal rights for blacks than the Radical Republicans had been. |
A) They believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded.
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In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands:
A) returned to its former owners. B) given to freed blacks. C) given to poor blacks and whites. D) given to the railroads. |
A) returned to its former owners.
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In president Andrew Johnson’s view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?
A) take up leadership positions in the federal government, but not in individual state governments B) none C) take up leadership positions in the boarder states D) take up leadership positions in the Deep South |
B) none
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The Reconstruction Act of March 1867:
A) divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote. B) barred the president from removing certain officeholders, including cabinet members, without consent of the Senate. C) voided the Supreme Court’s decision in ex parte Milligan. D) allowed the Redeemers to reconstruct the South according to their own wishes. |
A) divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.
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The Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
A) ended slavery and indentured servitude. B) guaranteed freed slaves citizenship. C) prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race. D) made the income tax constitutional. |
C) prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.
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Which were central elements in the lives of post-emancipation blacks in the twenty years following the end of the Civil War?
A) the family, the corporations, and the university B) the boss, the cabin, and the library C) the family, the church, and the school D) the boss, the library, and the farm |
C) the family, the church, and the school
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The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871:
A) sought to sue for peace with Britain and Spain in the wake of the resurgence of international tensions surrounding imperialist filibustering. B) asserted South Carolina’s right to nullify any federal law it deemed improper or unjust and to enforce that decision. C) defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen. D) sought to enforce the Black Codes in places where they were not being properly adjudicated. |
C) defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.
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In the aftermath of the Civil War, the black church was a powerful influence in the South. What two denominations commanded the largest African-American following?
A) Catholic and Protestant B) Lutheran and Church of Christ C) Baptist and Methodist D) Episcopalian and Presbyterian |
C) Baptist and Methodist
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During Reconstruction, the black church functioned as a vital setting for
A) worship. B) political mobilization. C) all of the above D) schooling. |
C) all of the above
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The phrase “forty acres and a mule” was derived from:
A) The Wade-Davis Bill. B) The Emancipation Proclamation. C) Lincoln’s “10% Plan.” D) Sherman’s Field Order 15. |
D) Sherman’s Field Order 15.
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Sharecropping:
A) meant that black families shared their crops with each other, especially in times of hardship or drought. B) was a government-led economic initiative that sought to have people share the wealth in rural towns and in the countryside. C) was a method of harvesting crops so that the soil was left intact for next year’s planting. D) allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between the worker and the owner at the end of the year. |
D) allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between the worker and the owner at the end of the year
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Which of the following was not a major effect of Reconstruction (at its height) upon southern society?
A) It caused the federal government to take a direct role in the relations between black and white southerners. B) It inspired a mass exodus of southern blacks to lands that had never known slavery. C) It helped restrain southern whites from exploiting the labor of former slaves. D) It promoted the spread, across the South, of schools and churches built by and for African-Americans. |
B) It inspired a mass exodus of southern blacks to lands that had never known slavery.
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The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law?
A) the Tenure of Office Act B) the Reconstruction Act C) the Civil Rights Act D) the Fourteenth Amendment |
A) the Tenure of Office Act
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As meant in the section on the free labor system, define “free labor.”
A) voluntary labor done without pay B) labor that was without cost to the business owner C) non-slave labor in a market economy D) labor you donate to a cause because you believe in it, so you work for free |
C) non-slave labor in a market economy
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Which of the following was not a central thrust of the Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution?
A) redistribution of the former slaveowners’ land among the freed slaves B) equal citizenship for blacks and whites C) the right to vote, regardless of race D) empowerment of the federal government to protect citizens’ rights |
A) redistribution of the former slaveowners’ land among the freed slaves
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“The destruction of slavery led feminists to search for ways to make the promise of free labor real for women.” Define “feminists” in this context.
A) people who held a view advocating social, political, and other rights for women equal to those of men B) women who wanted to volunteer their labor and time for causes they thought were important C) men and women who wanted the promise of free labor extended to the destruction of slavery D) women who sought to destroy the nation’s integrity by insisting that girls and young women receive separate education |
A) people who held a view advocating social, political, and other rights for women equal to those of men
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Following the Civil War, white and black farmers in the South:
A) saw a leveling off of the price of cotton to pre-war levels. B) experienced rapidly rising prices. C) saw the price of cotton fall steadily. D) experienced extremely high prices for cotton. |
A) saw a leveling off of the price of cotton to pre-war levels
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Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction were:
A) often put on trains and sent to northern cities. B) often put on trains and sent out West. C) often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine. D) convicted and sentenced to execution. |
C) often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine
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Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
A) Kansas Exodus; Civil Rights Cases; Booker T. Washington's Atlanta address; Plessy v. Ferguson B) Sinking of battleship Maine; publication of Josiah Strong's Our Country; Platt Amendment; overthrow of Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani C) Battle of Manila Bay; founding of Immigration Restriction League; Homestead steel strike; founding of National American Woman Suffrage Association D) founding of People's (Populist) Party; William Jennings Bryan's "cross of gold" speech; birth of Farmers Alliance; Coxey's Army |
A) Kansas Exodus; Civil Rights Cases; Booker T. Washington's Atlanta address; Plessy v. Ferguson
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The Women's Christian Temperance Union began by demanding the prohibition of alcoholic drinks, but developed into an organization:
A) that held meetings specifically to help men and women control their tempers. B) opposed to women's suffrage. C) that promoted workers' unions in the temperance industry. D) calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote. |
D) calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote
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Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000–60,000 African Americans migrated to:
A) South Carolina. B) Kansas. C) California. D) Massachusetts. |
B) Kansas.
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The largest citizens' movement of the nineteenth century was:
A) the American Federation of Labor. B) the prohibitionist movement. C) the abolitionist movement. D) the Farmers Alliance. |
D) the Farmers Alliance.
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In February 1898, what ship exploded in Havana Harbor with a loss of nearly 270 lives:
A) the battleship McKinley B) the battleship Maine C) the battleship Arizona |
B) the battleship Maine
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The Redeemers in the South:
A) vigorously enforced the fifteenth amendment. B) slashed state budgets, cut taxes, and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools. C) increased spending on public schools without measurably increasing taxes. D) increased state budgets and improved schooling across the region. |
B) slashed state budgets, cut taxes, and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools.
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The 1892 People's Party platform, written by Ignatius Donnelly and adopted at the party's Omaha convention, proposed all of the following except:
A) a graduated income tax. B) a decentralization over the control of currency. C) recognition of the rights of workers to form labor unions. D) direct election of United States senators. |
B) a decentralization over the control of currency.
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In 1900, in the entire South, how many public high schools for blacks existed?
A) As a result of Reconstruction politics, there were hundreds of high schools across the South for black Americans. B) none C) only a few but their numbers were growing D) more than 500 |
B) none
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Which was not one of the devices used by Southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage?
A) the grandfather clause B) a religious test C) the poll tax D) literacy tests |
B) a religious test
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Which of the following was not a central principle of the American Federation of Labor?
A) It is vital that unions include workers of all backgrounds, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, or skill. B) Labor should avoid entanglement in politics. C) Bargaining with employers over day-to-day issues is the most promising avenue for labor. D) Organized labor should pursue concrete gains rather than dreamy reforms. |
A) It is vital that unions include workers of all backgrounds, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, or skill
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Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders?
A) William McKinley B) William Howard Taft C) Theodore Roosevelt D) Woodrow Wilson |
C) Theodore Roosevelt
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Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?
A) Booker T. Washington B) W.E.B. DuBois C) Frederick Douglass D) Samuel Armstrong |
A) Booker T. Washington
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What landmark United States Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for whites and blacks?
A) Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas B) the Civil Rights Cases. C) Plessy vs. Ferguson. D) the Slaughterhouse Cases. |
C) Plessy vs. Ferguson.
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A leading opponent of American imperialism was
A) Theodore Roosevelt. B) Albert Beveridge. C) Rudyard Kipling. D) William Jennings Bryan. |
D) William Jennings Bryan.
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Which was not principally one of the networks by which women exerted a growing influence on public affairs in the late nineteenth century?
A) political party organizations B) social reform organizations C) temperance associations D) women's clubs |
A) political party organizations
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Which of the following was not a major reason for America's imperial expansion?
A) a sense of strategic rivalry with other imperial powers B) a desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures C) a conviction that it was America's mission to uplift "less civilized" peoples D) a quest on the part of business for new markets for goods |
B) a desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures
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What was the name of the labor organization of principally white, male, skilled workers that arose in the 1880s and was headed by Samuel Gompers?
A) the Congress of Industrial Organizations B) the Knights of Labor C) the American Federation of Labor D) the Federated Amalgamated Union |
C) the American Federation of Labor
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From 1880 to the mid-twentieth century, the number of people lynched reached nearly:
A) 1,000. B) 250. C) 5,000. D) 200. |
C) 5,000.
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Which of the following was not a factor behind the spread of segregation and disfranchisement laws in the South?
A) a growing insistence by blacks that whites simply leave them alone B) an overall narrowing of the American conception of nationhood C) a desire to discourage further biracial insurgencies D) growing tolerance, and even encouragement, by the federal government for white supremacy |
A) a growing insistence by blacks that whites simply leave them alone
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During the 1880s, the South as a regional whole:
A) sank deeper and deeper into poverty. B) built thousands of new public schools, hundreds of hospitals, and scores of new factories C) became increasingly culturally diverse as new immigrants and freedmen worked together in the region's mines, mills, and factories. D) flourished, as industrial expansion and agricultural diversification made the "New South" the richest region in the country. |
A) sank deeper and deeper into poverty.
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The 1897 Dingley Tariff:
A) lowered tariff rates east of the Mississippi, while raising them in the Far West. B) lowered tariff rates. C) fulfilled one of the Populist Party's political party platform promises. D) raised tariff rates to their highest level in American history to that time. |
D) raised tariff rates to their highest level in American history to that time.
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What was the name of the railroad car company against which workers struck in 1894?
A) the Maine and California B) American Railway Company C) Pullman D) The Chicago and Sacramento |
C) Pullman
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The coalition of merchants, planters, and business entrepreneurs who dominated politics in the American South after 1877 called themselves:
A) Reconstructionists. B) the Ku Klux Klan. C) Carpetbaggers. D) Redeemers. |
D) Redeemers.
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What was the name of the naval officer and his 1890 book that argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating overseas bases?
A) Josiah Strong, Our Country B) J. M. Price, Seapower Comes of Age C) Theodore Roosevelt, The History of the United States Navy D) Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History |
D) Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
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The nation's urban working class voters shifted their support en masse to the Republican Party in 1894 in significant degree because:
A) in solidarity with farmers across the nation, working people believed it was time for a change. B) a sharp upturn in the economy and the return to "good times" meant increasingly that the American people shared a common cause and interests. C) they did not shift their support to the Republican Party, since the Republican Party is the party of big business, and big business is opposed to the interests of the working class. D) Republicans claimed that raising tariff rates would restore prosperity by protecting manufacturers and industrial workers from the competition of cheap imported goods. |
D) Republicans claimed that raising tariff rates would restore prosperity by protecting manufacturers and industrial workers from the competition of cheap imported goods.
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The "subtreasury plan" was:
A) a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold. B) another name for the black market. C) a policy of opening banks in each state. D) a plan developed by the undersecretary of commerce that would ensure equitable international exchange. |
A) a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.
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"The splendid little war" of 1898 was:
A) the Mexican-American War. B) the Philippine War. C) the Spanish-American War. D) the Great War. |
C) the Spanish-American War
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Which of the following was not a grievance of the Farmers Alliance and the Populists?
A) excessive power of the banks and railroads B) excessive power of the labor unions C) excessive interest rates D) inadequate government response to the plight of ordinary farmers |
B) excessive power of the labor unions
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What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished?
A) the Philippine War B) the Spanish-American War C) There was no such war. D) the Cuban-Filipino Conflict |
A) the Philippine War
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The immigrants facing the harshest reception in late nineteenth-century America were those arriving from
A) Scandinavia. B) the Caribbean. C) eastern Europe. D) China. |
D) China.
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The name for the coalition of black Republicans and anti-Redeemer Democrats that governed the state of Virginia from 1879 to 1883 was:
A) the Arkansans. B) the Populist-Republican coalition. C) the Readjuster movement. D) the Farmers' Alliance. |
C) the Readjuster movement.
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What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China?
A) the Hay Corollary B) the Chinese Exclusion Act C) the Monroe Doctrine D) the Open Door policy |
B) the Chinese Exclusion Act
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The leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on Washington in May 1894 to demand economic relief was:
A) Jacob Coxey. B) George Pullman. C) Eugene V. Debs. D) Richard Olney. |
A) Jacob Coxey
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The Progressive Era economic system based on mass production and mass consumption came to be called:
A) the Affluent Society. B) the American Way. C) Progressive-era plenty. D) Fordism. |
D) Fordism.
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The Progressive Era was a time of:
A) economic recession. B) economic downturn for agriculture in America, and uneven growth in the industrial economy. C) desultory economic performance in the economy, and decreasing wages. D) explosive economic growth, rapid population rise, and increased industrial production, and "Golden Age" for American agriculture. |
D) explosive economic growth, rapid population rise, and increased industrial production, and "Golden Age" for American agriculture.
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The organization of middle-class and upper-class women and impoverished immigrants founded in 1903 to bring women workers into unions was called the:
A) Women's Trade Union League. B) Woman's Christian Temperance Union. C) International Ladies' Garment Workers Union. D) National Consumers' League. |
A) Women's Trade Union League.
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Who was the woman best known during the second decade of the twentieth century for promoting birth control?
A) Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch B) Frances Perkins C) Margaret Sanger D) Florence Kelley |
C) Margaret Sanger
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Who was the Progressive-Era mayor of Toledo who founded night schools, built new parks, established kindergartens, and supported the right of workers to unionize?
A) Samuel "Golden Rule" Jones B) Mary "raise less corn and more hell" Lease C) Hazen Pingree D) "Big" Bill Haywood |
A) Samuel "Golden Rule" Jones
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What was the name of the organization that advocated a workers' revolution to seize control of the means of production and abolish the state, and which organized women, blacks, as Asian-Americans, as well as white men?
A) the National Civic Federation B) Industrial Workers of the World C) the American Chambers of Commerce D) the Federated Employers International |
B) Industrial Workers of the World
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In 1907, at a time when segregation had become much the norm throughout the South, in which city did a strike of 10,000 black and white dockworkers take place, as a remarkable expression of interracial solidarity?
A) New Orleans, Louisiana B) Newport News, Virginia C) Wilmington, North Carolina D) Charleston, South Carolina |
A) New Orleans, Louisiana
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Progressive-era feminists were
A) engaged in a wide range of social causes. B) all of the above C) fewer in number than during the Gilded Age. D) more interested in Freudian psychology than in the right to vote. |
A) engaged in a wide range of social causes.
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All of the following were muckrakers, except:
A) Theodore Roosevelt. B) Upton Sinclair. C) Ida Tarbell. D) Lincoln Steffens. |
A) Theodore Roosevelt.
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The 1914 Ludlow Massacre was:
A) an attack by militia against a tent city of striking workers in Colorado. B) a precursor to the Sioux Indian attack against General George Armstrong Custer. C) a premeditated attack against Native Americans in South Dakota by the federal militia. D) a massacre of frontier settlers by Sioux, Cheyenne, Algonquin, and Narragansett Indians. |
A) an attack by militia against a tent city of striking workers in Colorado.
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A principal organization in the early twentieth century that battled for civil liberties and the right of individual freedom of speech was:
A) the Industrial Workers of the World. B) the Ladies' Christian Temperance Union. C) the American Chambers of Commerce. D) the National Civic Federation. |
A) the Industrial Workers of the World.
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The amendment to the United States Constitution that provides that United States senators will be chosen by popular vote rather than by state legislatures is:
A) The Sixteenth Amendment B) The Eighteenth Amendment C) The Seventeenth Amendment D) The Fifteenth Amendment |
C) The Seventeenth Amendment
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Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
A) assassination of President McKinley; Meat Inspection Act; unveiling of Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" program; Federal Reserve Act B) Pure Food and Drug Act; publication of The Jungle; assassination of President McKinley; election of Woodrow Wilson C) Northern Securities case; Pinchot-Ballinger controversy; reelection of Roosevelt; Hepburn Act D) creation of Federal Reserve System; election of William Howard Taft; Triangle Shirtwaist Fire; Lawrence textile strike |
A) assassination of President McKinley; Meat Inspection Act; unveiling of Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" program; Federal Reserve Act
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In Charlotte Perkins Gilman's view, as she wrote in her influential book Women and Economics (1898):
A) Socialism, not capitalism, was the way forward. B) American women were freer, wealthier, and healthier than ever before in human history and should celebrate these newfound achievements. C) prevailing gender norms condemned women to a life of domestic drudgery; women were oppressed, and a housewife was an unproductive parasite. D) the new industrial economy afforded women more opportunities and freedoms than ever before, even if economic growth was uneven across the country. |
C) prevailing gender norms condemned women to a life of domestic drudgery; women were oppressed, and a housewife was an unproductive parasite
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Pope Leo XIII's 1894 Rerum Novarum and the Catholic priest Father John A. Ryan's A Living Wage (1906) called for all of the following except:
A) a decent standard of living for working people. B) repudiating competitive individualism in favor of a more cooperative vision of the good society. C) an endorsement of the rights of working people to organize unions. D) the view that the Catholic Church should in no way become involved in discussions of wages, working conditions, and the ethical basis of the free market economy. |
D) the view that the Catholic Church should in no way become involved in discussions of wages, working conditions, and the ethical basis of the free market economy.
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The 1909 "uprising of the 20,000" was:
A) a walkout of garment workers, which led to a victory for the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union. B) a mass meeting of farmworkers in Wichita, Kansas, at which they sought to advance the subtreasury plan. C) an interracial rebellion of sharecroppers in Alabama, Louisiana, and Arkansas. D) an organized effort on the part of manufacturers to secure property rights in the face of Populist opposition. |
A) a walkout of garment workers, which led to a victory for the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union.
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Who was the early twentieth- governor of Wisconsin, who believed that the state was a "laboratory for democracy," developed what came to be known as the Wisconsin Idea, taxed corporate wealth, and initiated state regulation of public utilities?
A) Hazen Pingree B) Robert M. LaFollette C) Samuel Jones D) Randolph Bourne |
B) Robert M. LaFollette
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Between 1901 and 1914,
A) there was a net outflow of population from the United States to other countries. B) 13 million immigrants came to the United States. C) 17 million Asian immigrants arrived on America's shores. D) 3 million immigrants came to the United States. |
B) 13 million immigrants came to the United States.
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What was the name of the organization that sponsored the 1914 debate at New York City's Cooper Union on the question "What is feminism?", and whose definition of feminism emphasized greater economic opportunities, the vote, and open discussions of sexuality?
A) Heterodoxy B) the Lyrical Left C) the Woman's Christian Temperance Organization D) the Feminist Alliance |
A) Heterodoxy
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Progressive-era writers and photographers seeking to expose the underside of urban-industrial society were known as:
A) Stand-patters. B) Muckrakers. C) Ditch-diggers. D) Bushwhackers. |
B) Muckrakers.
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Which of the following was not a significant development in postwar America?
A) a surge of labor militancy and radicalism across the country B) the constitutional enfranchisement of women C) the constitutional enfranchisement of African-Americans D) a fierce federal assault on the rights of labor and radical activists |
C) the constitutional enfranchisement of African-Americans
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The American foreign policy principle that held that the United States had a right to exercise "an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere was called:
A) Dollar Diplomacy. B) the Roosevelt Corollary. C) the Monroe Doctrine. D) the International Police Addendum |
B) the Roosevelt Corollary.
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In November 1917, in the midst of World War I, a communist revolution broke out in what country?
A) Russia B) Japan C) Germany D) China |
A) Russia
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Who was the leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, a movement for African independence and black self-reliance?
A) Fanny Lou Hammer B) Marcus Garvey C) W. E. B. Du Bois D) William Monroe Trotter |
B) Marcus Garvey
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In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson sent more than 10,000 troops into Mexico in an effort (that proved unsuccessful) to arrest:
A) Vera Cruz, a leading figure in the Mexican government under Porfirio Diaz. B) Che Guevara, the leader of an indigenous uprising that sought to curtail American influence in the region. C) Santa Anna, who had led the murderous raid against the Alamo. D) "Pancho" Villa, who had killed seventeen Americans in an attack on Columbus, New Mexico. |
D) "Pancho" Villa, who had killed seventeen Americans in an attack on Columbus, New Mexico.
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Of the great ideologies that had arisen in the nineteenth century, which, by 1920, had proven most powerful?
A) socialism B) idealism C) nationalism D) internationalism |
A) socialism
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The "open door" policy refers to:
A) a key principle of American foreign relations that emphasizes the free flow of trade, investment, and information. B) the economic opportunities afforded by the market economy in early twentieth-century America. C) a liberal policy on the part of industrial capitalists by which they hired many women, African-Americans, and Asian-Americans. D) the policy of many employers by which trade unions were deemed illegal. |
A) a key principle of American foreign relations that emphasizes the free flow of trade, investment, and information.
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President Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to negotiate a settlement of:
A) border disputes between the United States and Mexico. B) the tensions between Colombia and Panama over the Panama Canal. C) tensions between Colombia, Venezuela, and British Guiana. D) the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. |
D) the Russo-Japanese War of 1905
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President Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy that called for active intervention to remake the world in America's image, and which asserted the view that greater freedom worldwide would follow from increased American investment and trade abroad was called:
A) international realism. B) isolationism. C) the Good Neighbor Policy. D) liberal internationalism. |
D) liberal internationalism.
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What was the name of the British liner sunk by a German submarine in May 1915, which resulted in the deaths of more than a thousand passengers, including 124 Americans?
A) Lusitania B) the Essex C) the Arabia D) the Ireland |
A) Lusitania
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The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was triggered by:
A) the Russian Revolution. B) the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. C) the sinking of the Lusitania. D) the Zimmerman note. |
B) the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.
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Which of the following was not a significant effect of World War I on American society?
A) an influx of women into many occupations previously reserved for men B) the withdrawal of the federal government from domestic affairs, so that it could concentrate on the war overseas C) a growing demand on the part of labor for greater democracy at the workplace D) the vigorous suppression of antiwar dissent |
B) the withdrawal of the federal government from domestic affairs, so that it could concentrate on the war overseas
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How many soldiers perished during World War I worldwide?
A) 950,000 B) 620,000 C) 10 million D) 1.2 million |
C) 10 million
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Who was the leader of the National Woman's Party, an organization that employed militant tactics in favor of woman suffrage?
A) Jeannette Rankin B) Susan B. Anthony C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton D) Alice Paul |
D) Alice Paul
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During World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were called:
A) the Junta. B) the Allies. C) the Triple Entente. D) the Central Powers. |
D) the Central Powers.
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The United States entered World War I in April of 1917 only after Germany resumed submarine warfare against its ships in the Atlantic and:
A) after the discovery of a plot to assassinate President Woodrow Wilson. B) after discovery of the Zimmermann telegram. C) after bombardment of New York by German submarines. D) major riots broke out in all of America's principal cities. |
B) after discovery of the Zimmermann telegram.
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The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921 when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of this city to the ground:
A) Tulsa, Oklahoma B) East St. Louis, Illinois C) Akron, Ohio D) Phillips County, Arkansas |
D) Phillips County, Arkansas
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Between 1901 and 1920, the U.S. Marines landed in Caribbean countries:
A) with the help of the British, French, and Spanish. B) half a dozen times. C) more than twenty times. D) never, since the Marines had not yet been founded as a military force. |
C) more than twenty times
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The federal organization established to explain the war to the American people, and which trained some 75,000 Four-Minute Men to deliver short talks in support of America's war effort was called:
A) Committee on Public Information. B) the War Industries Board. C) the American Minutemen Association. D) the War Labor Board. |
A) Committee on Public Information.
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Which of the following was not a military technology used during World War I:
A) atomic bombs. B) tanks. C) machine guns. D) airplanes. |
A) atomic bombs.
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President Woodrow Wilson articulated the clearest statement of American war aims and his vision of a new postwar international order in:
A) his Second Inaugural. B) the Treaty of Versailles. C) the Fourteen Points. D) the Treaty of Bretton Woods. |
C) the Fourteen Points
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A leading characterization of U.S. foreign policy in the early twentieth century was:
A) "Dollar Diplomacy." B) "Benign Neglect." C) "Golden-Rule Diplomacy." D) "Preemptive Engagement." |
A) "Dollar Diplomacy."
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Which of the following was not a feature of public debate over whether the United States should enter the war in Europe?
A) Labor generally opposed American entry; business generally endorsed it. B) Opponents held that American entry would imperil the causes of social justice at home. C) Advocates held that American entry was essential to the causes of democracy and free trade. D) Ethnic background had a lot to do with where Americans stood on the question. |
A) Labor generally opposed American entry; business generally endorsed it.
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Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
A) establishment of Committee on Public Information; Seattle general strike; U.S. declaration of war on Germany; ratification of Nineteenth Amendment B) completion of Panama Canal; overthrow of Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz; American occupation of Haiti; founding of independent Panama C) publication of Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk; founding of NAACP; Silent Protest Parade in New York City; Chicago race riot D) announcement of "preparedness" policy; assassination of Archduke Ferdinand; reelection of Wilson; sinking of Lusitania |
C) publication of Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk; founding of NAACP; Silent Protest Parade in New York City; Chicago race riot
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Which of the following was not a principle espoused in Wilson's Fourteen Points?
A) the founding of an international structure to ensure the peaceful resolution of conflict among nations B) the abolition of colonial rule around the globe C) national self-determination D) free trade among nations |
C) national self-determination
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The proposed constitutional amendment to eliminate all legal distinctions "on account of sex" promoted by Alice Paul was:
A) the Equal Rights Amendment. B) the National Women's Amendment. C) the Equal Suffrage Amendment. D) the Fifteenth Amendment. |
A) the Equal Rights Amendment.
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The West's leading industrial center, a producer of oil, automobiles, aircraft, and Hollywood movies, was:
A) Los Angeles, California B) San Diego, California C) San Francisco, California D) Seattle, Washington |
A) Los Angeles, California
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Who were the two immigrants whose case became a cause cŽl bre, who were arrested for their participation in a robbery in which a security guard was killed?
A) Reinhold Niebuhr and Stewart Poyntz B) Stanton Blanche and Jacob Abrams C) Nicola Sacco and Bartholomeo Vanzetti D) Enrico Caruso and Andre Siegfried |
C) Nicola Sacco and Bartholomeo Vanzetti
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During the 1920s, a group whose most well-known leader was Billy Sunday and who asserted their conviction in the literal truth of the Bible became known by which term that they coined?
A) mainstream Protestants B) secularists C) Catholics D) fundamentalists |
D) fundamentalists
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The anti-black, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic organization that claimed over 3 million members by the mid-1920s was:
A) the Ku Klux Klan. B) the Know Nothings. C) the Anti-Immigration League. D) the American Party. |
A) the Ku Klux Klan
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Production of the automobile in the 1920s:
A) caused a surge of migration into rural America. B) struggled in the face of foreign competition. C) increased by 50 percent. D) tripled. |
D) tripled.
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Which of the following was not an important cultural trend in 1920s America?
A) a flowering of urban black culture B) the rise of a new generation of writers, disaffected by the bland materialism of American culture C) a growing respect for newly arrived immigrants D) a more open expression of sexuality |
C) a growing respect for newly arrived immigrants
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In early 1929, the income of the wealthiest five percent of American families was greater than that of the bottom:
A) 5 percent B) 10 percent C) 60 percent D) 40 percent |
C) 60 percent
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Which of the following was not a common means of survival for out-of work Americans during the opening years of the Great Depression?
A) hitting the road or riding the rails in search of work B) turning to community charities for whatever relief they could offer C) drawing federal unemployment benefits D) selling everyday items, such as apples or pencils, on the street |
C) drawing federal unemployment benefits
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The vibrant black culture in 1920s New York City that included poets and novelists Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay was called:
A) the Bronx Revival. B) the Harlem Renaissance. C) the Armory Show. D) the Ashcan School. |
B) the Harlem Renaissance.
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Who said, "the chief business of the American people is business"?
A) Henry Ford B) John D. Rockefeller C) Calvin Coolidge D) Warren G. Harding |
C) Calvin Coolidge
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President Herbert Hoover's 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation did all of the following, except:
A) loaned money to failing banks. B) appropriated nearly $2 billion for local relief efforts in public-works projects. C) offered aid to homeowners threatened by foreclosure. D) offered direct relief to the unemployed. |
D) offered direct relief to the unemployed.
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In 1925, what was the Tennessee trial in which a public school teacher faced charges of violating the state's law prohibiting the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?
A) the anti-evolution trial B) the Scopes trial C) the Darrow-Bryan Trial D) the creation science trial |
B) the Scopes trial
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The 1922 self-imposed guidelines in the film industry that prohibited depicting adultery, nudity, and long kisses, and barred scripts that portrayed clergymen in a negative light was called:
A) the Diplomacy Guidelines. B) the Hays code. C) "Banned in Boston." D) the Fortney-McCumber guidelines. |
B) the Hays code.
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Which of the following was not a cause of the Great Depression that began in October 1929?
A) collapse of real estate prices in southern California and Florida B) drastic tariff reductions C) highly unequal distribution of income and prolonged depression in farm regions D) stock market crash |
B) drastic tariff reductions
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Who won the presidential election of 1928?
A) Franklin Delano Roosevelt B) Herbert Hoover C) Calvin Coolidge D) Al Smith |
B) Herbert Hoover
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The open shop—a workplace free of unions (except, in some cases, "company unions") and free of government regulation—was part of the employer-backed:
A) Equal Rights Amendment. B) law declared unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. C) Federal Law 10983. D) American Plan. |
D) American Plan.
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Which of the following was not a part of the Republican political perspective during the 1920s?
A) Government regulation of the economy does more harm than good. B) The labor movement should not expect any support or protection from the federal government. C) Taxes on business profits and personal income should be lowered. D) Government regulation of personal behavior does more harm than good. |
D) Government regulation of personal behavior does more harm than good.
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Which of the following was not an underlying cause of the stock market crash of 1929?
A) Industry had begun producing more than Americans could consume. B) Speculation on the stock market had spun out of control. C) The distribution of wealth had grown perilously uneven. D) Runaway inflation triggered by high union wages had undermined prosperity. |
D) Runaway inflation triggered by high union wages had undermined prosperity.
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Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
A) Scopes trial; rebirth of Ku Klux Klan; election of Calvin Coolidge; passage of temporary immigration quotas B) Execution of Sacco and Vanzetti; upholding of Espionage Act by Supreme Court; election of Warren G. Harding; founding of Civil Liberties Bureau C) Herbert Hoover victory over Alfred E. Smith; stock market crash; Hawley-Smoot tariff; creation of Reconstruction Finance Corporation D) Bonus March; passage of permanent immigration quotas; introduction |
C) Herbert Hoover victory over Alfred E. Smith; stock market crash; Hawley-Smoot tariff; creation of Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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Which of the following was not a key factor in Franklin Roosevelt's landslide victory over Herbert Hoover in 1932?
A) Voters were impressed by the elaborate blueprints for Roosevelt's New Deal program. B) Many felt that Hoover was too detached from the hardships of ordinary Americans. C) Many felt that Hoover lacked an effective response to the economic crisis. D) Roosevelt's energy and optimism inspired confidence in his leadership potential. |
A) Voters were impressed by the elaborate blueprints for Roosevelt's New Deal program.
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Who was not a member of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "brains trust" at the outset of his presidency?
A) Harry Hopkins B) Andrew Mellon C) Harold Ickes D) Frances Perkins |
B) Andrew Mellon
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At a time of widespread hunger in the United States, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) did all of the following, except:
A) ordered 6 million pigs destroyed. B) ordered destruction of many crops already planted. C) set production quotas for major crops and paid farmers not to plant some crops. D) ordered a vast expansion in the production of cotton, wheat, barley, and corn across the Midwest in an effort to stave off hunger and starvation. |
D) ordered a vast expansion in the production of cotton, wheat, barley, and corn across the Midwest in an effort to stave off hunger and starvation.
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The emphasis of the Second New Deal was on:
A) economic security, in an effort to protect Americans against poverty and unemployment. B) civil rights for African-Americans. C) protecting the rights of businesses, especially small businesses. D) economic recovery, creating government programs to address the immediate needs of the unemployed. |
A) economic security, in an effort to protect Americans against poverty and unemployment.
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Which was not created by the Social Security Act of 1935, which launched the American welfare state?
A) a system of old-age pensions B) a system of unemployment insurance C) minimum wage and child labor laws D) a system of aid to families with dependent children |
C) minimum wage and child labor laws
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The initial flurry of legislation during Roosevelt's first three months in office is called:
A) the "Reconstruction Finance Corporation." B) the "Second New Deal." C) the "Hundred Days." D) the "Push for Unity." |
C) the "Hundred Days."
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Which of the following was not a significant motivation behind the New Deal?
A) diminishing inequality and injustice in American society B) reviving America's commitment to family values at a time when they seemed to be in decline C) relieving the plight of the hungry, the homeless, and the jobless D) restoring the vitality of American agriculture, industry, and finance |
B) reviving America's commitment to family values at a time when they seemed to be in decline
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Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
A) National Industrial Recovery Act; labor upheaval of 1934; Wagner Act; Flint sit-down strike B) Fair Labor Standards Act; Agricultural Adjustment Act; End Poverty in California campaign; repeal of Prohibition C) FDR's court-packing plan; creation of Federal Emergency Relief Administration; FDR's second inaugural; Emergency Banking Act D) FDR's first inaugural; Social Security Act; assassination of Huey Long; "Bank holiday" |
A) National Industrial Recovery Act; labor upheaval of 1934; Wagner Act; Flint sit-down strike
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In March 1933, Congress established the federal government as a direct employer of the unemployed when it authorized the hiring of young men to work on projects to improve national parks, forests, and flood control, called:
A) the Civilian Conservation Corps. B) the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. C) the Economy Act. D) the Public Works Administration. |
A) the Civilian Conservation Corps.
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Who authored The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money and asserted that large-scale government deficit-spending was appropriate during economic downturns?
A) Charles Evans Hughes B) Arthur Schlesinger C) John Maynard Keynes D) Alfred Landon |
C) John Maynard Keynes
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A major slogan of popular protest during the 1930s was:
A) all of the above B) "Freedom of contract." C) "Don't buy where you can't work." D) "Save the bald eagle." |
C) "Don't buy where you can't work."
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Which of the following was not a key thrust of the Second New Deal?
A) the right of workers to opt, by majority ballot, for union representation B) redistribution of national income through taxation C) guaranteed health care for every American citizen D) financial assistance for the unemployed and the elderly |
C) guaranteed health care for every American citizen
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Which of the following was not a contributing factor in the winding down of New Deal reform by the late 1930s?
A) a feeling that President Roosevelt had grown too arrogant and powerful B) a belief that the New Deal, having vanquished the Great Depression, was no longer necessary C) mounting concern that the New Deal was encouraging racial equality and labor radicalism D) a shift in public attention from domestic issues to the gathering crisis in Europe |
B) a belief that the New Deal, having vanquished the Great Depression, was no longer necessary
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Which was not the case with regard to American labor and workers in 1934?
A) A four-month strike by truck drivers in Minneapolis, Minnesota led the governor to declare martial law. B) Ten thousand striking workers in the auto industry in Toledo, Ohio, battled with police in a seven-hour fight. C) There were more than 2,000 strikes across the country. D) Farmers from California to Maine led a general strike for shorter hours, better pay, and improved working conditions. |
D) Farmers from California to Maine led a general strike for shorter hours, better pay, and improved working conditions
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Which is not true of Franklin D. Roosevelt?
A) He served as undersecretary of the navy during World War I. B) He served as governor of Massachusetts in the 1920s. C) He contracted polio and loss the use of his legs in 1921. D) He ran for vice president on the Democratic Party ticket in 1920. |
B) He served as governor of Massachusetts in the 1920s.
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The House of Representatives' Un-American Activities Committee, established in 1938, set out to investigate disloyalty with an expansive definition of "un-American" that included all of the following groups, except:
A) the left wing of the Democratic Party. B) communists. C) labor radicals. D) the right wing of the Republican Party. |
A) the left wing of the Democratic Party.
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Which was not a decision of the United States Supreme Court in 1934–1936 concerning New Deal legislation?
A) It declared the Civilian Conservation Corps constitutional, insofar as it abided the interstate commerce clause in the United States Constitution. B) It declared the NRA unconstitutional in a case brought by the Schechter Poultry Company of Brooklyn, New York. C) It ruled that New York State could not establish a minimum wage for women and children. D) It declared the AAA an unconstitutional exercise of congressional power over local economic activity. |
A) It declared the Civilian Conservation Corps constitutional, insofar as it abided the interstate commerce clause in the United States Constitution.
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The Commissioner of Indian Affairs who launched an "Indian New Deal" that ended a policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy, and who secured the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, was:
A) Robert Wagner. B) John Collier. C) Francis Perkins. D) Ernest Lundeen. |
B) John Collier.
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Which of the following was not a theme of Popular Front radicalism?
A) The denial of civil liberties must be challenged wherever it arises—from capitalist America to communist Russia. B) America should celebrate its heritage of cultural diversity. C) Organized labor must play a leading role in the struggle for social justice. D) Ethnic, racial, and religious discrimination must be overcome. |
A) The denial of civil liberties must be challenged wherever it arises—from capitalist America to communist Russia
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Conservative critics of the New Deal regularly argued that:
A) New Deal relief programs undermined individual self-reliance. B) excessive spending and regulation by Washington hurt the nation's economic prospects. C) all of the above D) the expansion of federal power posed a threat to American liberty. |
C) all of the above
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In addressing the sense of crisis in the nation, Franklin Delano Roosevelt sought to reassure the public in his inaugural address, declaring:
A) "we must let the rot work itself out of the system." B) "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." C) "never in the course of human conflict, have so many owed so much to so few." D) "we shall fight them on the beaches . . . we shall never be defeated." |
B) "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself."
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The Civil Works Administration (CWA), employed more than 4 million persons in:
A) construction of tunnels, highways, courthouses, and airports. B) post offices, hospitals, and government offices. C) Civil Rights work, seeking to overcome racism. D) offering etiquette lessons to youngsters from impoverished urban and rural settings. |
A) construction of tunnels, highways, courthouses, and airports.
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What 1935 law outlawed "unfair labor practices," and was known at the time as "Labor's Magna Carta"?
A) the Social Security Act B) the Fair Labor Standards Act C) the Wagner Act D) the Works Progress Act |
C) the Wagner Act
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Which was not one of the "voices of protest" heard in the United States during the mid-1930s?
A) Huey Long's "Share Our Wealth" movement B) Mary Lease's "raise less corn, and more hell" movement C) Upton Sinclair's bid for the governorship of California as head of the End Poverty in California movement D) Dr. Francis Townsend's Townsend clubs that sought monthly payments of $200 to elderly Americans |
B) Mary Lease's "raise less corn, and more hell" movement
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In the mid-1930s, Unions of industrial workers, led by John L. Lewis, founded a new labor organization, called:
A) the Knights of Labor. B) the American Federation of Labor. C) the Congress of Industrial Organizations. D) the Industrial Workers of the World. |
C) the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
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Which of the following was not a major thrust of the Four Freedoms promoted by FDR?
A) Everyone—regardless of race or belief—has a right to freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. B) All people are entitled to express their views, whatever those views may be. C) The only thing Americans have to fear is fear itself. D) A decent standard of living is one of the bedrocks of freedom. |
C) The only thing Americans have to fear is fear itself.
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Who of the following were known as the "Big Three?"
A) Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Emperor Hirohito B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin C) Winston Churchill, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Emperor Hirohito |
B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin
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The self-confident woman, portrayed as fully capable of doing a man's job in posters and on magazine covers during World War II, was called:
A) "Elsa the Alleviator." B) "Eleanor, First Lady." C) "Rosie the Riveter." D) "a svelte Miss Liberty." |
"Rosie the Riveter."
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt "repudiated the right to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Latin American countries," writes Eric Foner. Define "repudiated":
A) to rework so as to improve or make better B) to cast off or disown; to reject with disapproval C) to reassert; make clear by redeclaration D) ambiguous |
B) to cast off or disown; to reject with disapproval
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Which of the following was not a significant difference between the conservative and liberal visions for postwar America?
A) Conservatives were more likely to present New Deal–style government as the chief threat to freedom; liberals, to present poverty as the chief threat to freedom. B) Conservatives regarded capitalism as essential to America's future; liberals regarded socialism as essential to America's future. C) Conservatives envisioned America as the dominant power of the postwar world; liberals envisioned a world governed by international cooperation. D) Conservatives emphasized the ideal of free enterprise; liberals, the ideal of social welfare. |
B) Conservatives regarded capitalism as essential to America's future; liberals regarded socialism as essential to America's future.
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On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. Where is Pearl Harbor?
A) Japan B) Cuba C) Guam D) Hawaii |
D) Hawaii
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During World War II, the Axis powers were:
A) Great Britain, the United States, and Italy. B) Germany, Italy, and Japan. C) Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union. D) France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. |
B) Germany, Italy, and Japan.
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Which was not a goal or action of Adolf Hitler's?
A) He violated the Versailles Treaty and pursued German rearmament. B) He sought to control the entire European continent. C) He sent troops to occupy the Rhineland. D) He seized control of the Philippines and Malaysia. |
D) He seized control of the Philippines and Malaysia.
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What province of northern China did Japan invade in 1931?
A) Shanghai B) Manchuria C) Canton D) Beijing |
B) Manchuria
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A key source of American reluctance to confront the rise of Nazism and fascism in Europe during the 1930s was:
A) all of the above. B) the ethnic allegiances of many Americans of Italian, German, or Irish descent. C) haunting memories of World War I. D) widespread indifference to the persecution of European Jews. |
A) all of the above.
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The founder of Italian fascism who sent troops to invade and conquer Ethiopia was:
A) Charles de Gaulle. B) Francisco Franco. C) Benito Mussolini. D) Giovanni Berlusconi. |
C) Benito Mussolini.
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt's foreign policy with regard to Latin American countries was called:
A) the Platt Amendment. B) the Roosevelt Corollary. C) appeasement. D) the Good Neighbor Policy. |
D) the Good Neighbor Policy.
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According to Eric Foner, which of the following newspapers pointed out the discrepancy between American ideals of Democracy and civil rights reality of racial discrimination in the United States during World War II?
A) The San Antonio Express B) The Liberator C) The New York Times D) The Crisis |
D) The Crisis
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Which of the following was not an effect of wartime mobilization on American society?
A) Americans of German descent were herded into internment camps, on the basis that their loyalties could not be trusted. B) Black leaders invoked the war against Hitler to promote racial equality at home. C) Millions who had suffered underemployment or low pay in the 1930s suddenly found themselves in well-paying jobs. D) Millions of women took industrial jobs traditionally reserved for men. |
A) Americans of German descent were herded into internment camps, on the basis that their loyalties could not be trusted.
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The congressional legislation that extended an array of benefits, including unemployment pay, educational scholarships, low-cost mortgage loans, pensions, and job training to millions of returning veterans beginning in 1944, was called:
A) the Serviceman's Readjustment Act, or G.I. Bill of Rights. B) the New Republic. C) the Economic Bill Of Rights. D) the National Resources Planning Act. |
A) the Serviceman's Readjustment Act, or G.I. Bill of Rights.
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Which of the following was not a feature of American involvement in World War II?
A) FDR agreed to a wartime alliance with the Soviet Union only after Stalin promised to rid his country of communism after the war. B) Only with the Allied invasion of Normandy did American troops assume a major presence in European combat. C) It took the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor to shock a reluctant nation into entering the war. D) Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan was based in part on a fear that hundreds of thousands of Americans might otherwise die in a land war. |
A) FDR agreed to a wartime alliance with the Soviet Union only after Stalin promised to rid his country of communism after the war
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June 6, 1944, the day on which nearly 200,000 American, British, and Canadian soldiers landed in northwestern France, in Normandy, is known as:
A) "a day that will live in infamy." B) V-J Day. C) V-E Day. D) D-Day. |
D) D-Day.
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A major success for Germany and its allies during World War II was:
A) the Battle of the Bulge. B) the "blitzkrieg" campaign. C) the Battle of Midway. D) the Battle of Stalingrad. |
B) the "blitzkrieg" campaign.
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Which was not one of the Four Freedoms, President Roosevelt's shorthand for American purposes in World War II?
A) Freedom from Want B) Freedom from Fear C) Freedom of Speech D) Freedom of Liberty |
D) Freedom of Liberty
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Which of the following gatherings did not play a major role in the planning of the postwar international order?
A) the "Big Three" conference at Yalta B) the Munich conference C) the United Nations planning conference at Dumbarton Oaks D) the Bretton Woods conference |
B) the Munich conference
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With the spread of this on college campuses, tens of thousands of students took part in a "strike for peace" in 1935.
A) nativism B) pacifism C) globalization D) interventionism |
B) pacifism
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Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
A) publication of What the Negro Wants; Detroit "hate strike"; establishment of Fair Employment Practices Commission; A. Philip Randolph's call for March on Washington B) German annexation of Austria; Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact; Battle of Stalingrad; "Big Three" conference at Yalta C) German invasion of Poland; Allied liberation of Paris; V-E Day; D-Day D) publication of John Hersey's Hiroshima; Korematsu v. United States; announcement of Japanese-American internment policy; testing of atomic bomb in New Mexico |
B) German annexation of Austria; Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact; Battle of Stalingrad; "Big Three" conference at Yalta
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Which of the following leaders demanded that the Atlantic Charter, which would apply to non-European colonies and nations?
A) Benito Mussolini B) Emperor Hirohito C) Winston Churchill D) Adolf Hitler |
C) Winston Churchill
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Executive Order 9066 led to Japanese-American internment during World War II. Define "internment":
A) the act of confining someone during wartime B) hanging C) burial D) the act of offering someone an internship, so that they might improve themselves by learning a profession |
A) the act of confining someone during wartime
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The desire for both victory at home against segregation, and victory overseas against the Germans and the Japanese, came to be called this by African-Americans during World War II:
A) the Fair Employment Practices Commission B) the "double-V" C) antilynching D) a new Emancipation Proclamation |
B) the "double-V"
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