Hip, Thigh, Leg, Foot

Front 1

Gluteus maximus

origin: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
insertion: posterior, proximal femur and iliotibial tract

group: superficial gluteus muscle
location: superficial posterior hip ("butt")

function: extends thigh

Back 1

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Front 2

Gluteus medius

origin: ilium
insertion: greater trochanter

group: superficial gluteus muscle
location: under maximus, origin at ilium close to iliac crest

function: abduct and medially rotate thigh, stabilise pelvis

Back 2

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Front 3

Guteus Minimus

origin: ilium
insertion: greater trochanter

group: superficial gluteus muscle
location: inferior to medius (origin half way on fossa "wing" of ilium)

function: abduct and medially rotate thigh, stabilise pelvis

Back 3

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Front 4

Tensor fasciae latae

origin: anterior ilium
insertion: iliotibial tract

group: superficial gluteus muscle

function: tense fascia lata, abduct and medially rotate thigh, stabilise pelvis

Back 4

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Front 5

Piriformis

Group: deep gluteus group
Function: lateral hip rotation

Back 5

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Front 6

obturator internus

Group: deep gluteus group
Function: lateral hip rotation

Back 6

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Front 7

gemelli superior

group: deep gluteus group
Function: lateral hip rotation

Back 7

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Front 8

Gemelli inferior

group: deep gluteus group
Function: lateral hip rotation

Back 8

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Front 9

Quadratus Femoris

group: deep gluteus muscle
function: lateral hip rotation

Back 9

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Front 10

Iliacus

origin: ilium (close to iliac crest)
insertion: lesser trochanter

function: flex thigh at hip joint

Back 10

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Front 11

Psoas Major

origin: inferior most thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae
insertion: lesser trochanter

function: flex thigh at hip joint

Back 11

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Front 12

Psoas minor: superior and anterior to major

origin: vertebrae, superior lumbar region
insertion: pelvic bone
Not everyone has it
Note: does not affect hip joint

Function: flex thigh at hip joint

Back 12

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Front 13

Sartorius

origin: anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia (after winding behind the medial aspect of the lower thigh)

Function: flex, abducts, lateral rotate thigh at hip joint; flex knee joint

Back 13

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Front 14

Rectus femoris (Quadraceps femoris)

origin: anterior ilium
insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extend knee

Back 14

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Front 15

Quadriceps femoris group: Vastus lateralis

origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extend knee

Back 15

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Front 16

Quadriceps femoris group: Vastus medialis

origin: linea aspera
insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extend knee

Back 16

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Front 17

Quadriceps femoris group: Vastus intermedius

origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal shaft of femur
insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extend knee

Back 17

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Front 18

Adductor longus

origin: pubis
insertion: linea aspera

group: medial thigh
innervation: obturator nerve
blood supply: femoral artery
drain into: femoral vein
location: inferior to pectineus, pectineus + adductor longus = most superficial anterior view of medial thigh (under Quadratus femoris from anterior view)

Function: adduct thigh

Back 18

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Front 19

Pectineus

origin: pubis
insertion: linea aspera

group: medial thigh
innervation: obturator nerve
blood supply: femoral artery
drain into: femoral vein
location: superior to adductor longus, pectineus +
adductor longus = most superficial anterior view of medial thigh (under Quadratus femoris from anterior view)

Function: adduct and flex thigh

Back 19

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Front 20

Adductor magnus
femoral --> adductor hiatus --> popliteal

origin: Ischium and pubis
insertion: linea aspera

group: medial thigh
innervation: obturator nerve
blood supply: femoral artery
drain: femoral vein
location: anterior view - under adductor longus (but can see medial edge slightly), deep posterior - whole muscle, very big (magnus), hole = adductor hiatus, inferior to adductor brevis

Function: adduct thigh at hip

Back 20

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Front 21

Adductor Brevis

origin: pubis
insertion: linea aspera

group: medial thigh
innervation: obturator nerve
blood supply: femoral artery
drain: femoral vein
location: anterior view - under adductor longus, superior to adductor magnus, longer and skinnier and deeper (anterior) than pectineus

Function: adduct thigh at hip

Back 21

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Front 22

Gracilis

origin: pubis
insertion: medial, proximal tibia

group: medial thigh
innervation: obturator nerve
blood supply: femoral
vein: femoral
location: most medial muscle, more likely directly medial to adductor magnus

Function: adduct thigh at hip, flex leg, medial leg rotation

Back 22

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Front 23

Biceps femoris: 2 head

origin: long - ischium, short - linea aspera
insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

group: posterior thigh
innervation: tibial nerve (branch sciatic)
blood supply: femoral artery
vein: femoral vein
location: most superficial lateral posterior thigh, long head superficial to short head, common insertion

Function: extend thigh (long head only) , flex and lateral rotate leg

Back 23

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Front 24

Semimembranosus

origin: ischium
insertion: medial, proximal tibial shaft

group: posterior thigh
innervation: tibial nerve (sciatic branch)
blood vessel: femoral artery
vein: femoral vein
location: posterior view - deep to semitendonosus

Function: extend hip, flex knee

Back 24

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Front 25

Semitendinosus: tendons between

origin: ischium
insertion; medial, proximal tibia

group: posterior thigh
innervation: tibial nerve (sciatic branch)
blood supply: femoral artery
vein: femoral vein
location: posterior view - superficial to semimembranosus, medial posterior thigh

Function: extend hip, flex knee

Back 25

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Front 26

Tibialis anterior

origin: lateral, proximal tibia
insertion: medial, dorsal foot

Group: anterior leg
innervation: fibular nerve (sciatic branch)
blood supply:
drain into:
location: most superficial anterior muscle of leg, most medial of anterior leg group, tendon ends base of first metacarpal

Back 26

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Front 27

Extensor digitorum longus

origin: proximal tibia and fibula
insertion: superior surfaces of phalanges 2-5

group: anterior leg
innervation: fibular nerve (branch sciatic)
blood supply:
drain into:
location: lateral to tibialis anterior, superficial anterior leg, tendon to base of distal phalanges

Function:

Back 27

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Front 28

Extensor hallucis longus

origin: anterior surface of tibia
insertion: dorsal, lateral foot

group: anterior leg
innervation: fibular nerve (branch sciatic)
blood supply:
drain into:
location: under extensor digitorum longus, medial to fibularis brevis, lateral to tibialis anterior, proximal and medial to fibularis tertius

Function:

Back 28

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Front 29

Fibularis tertius

Origin: distal anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: dorsal lateral foot

group: anterior leg
innervation: fibular nerve (branch sciatic)
blood supply:
drain into:
location: under extensor digitorum longus, most lateral anterior leg muscle, end lateral superficial to extensor digitorum brevis

Function:

Back 29

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Front 30

Fibularis longus

origin: proximal fibula
insertion: tendon crosses plantar foot to insert in medial, plantar foot (1st metatarsal)

group: lateral leg
innervation: fibular nerve (branch sciatic)
blood supply:
drain into:
location: superficial lateral leg, superficial to fibularis brevis, lateral to extensor digitorum longus and fibularis brevis, closest posterior muscle: soleus. Tendon wrapped by superior and inferior fibular retinaculum

Function: everts foot + weak plantar flexion

Back 30

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Front 31

Fibularis brevis

origin: lateral, distal fibula
insertion: base of 5th metatarsal

group: lateral leg
innervation: fibular nerve (branch sciatic)
blood vessel:
drain into:
location: under fibularis longus, lateral to extensor hallucis longus & fibularis tertius (under EHL) & extensor digitorum longus (superficial to EHL, FT). Tendon wrapped by superior and inferior retinaculum

Function: everts foot + weak plantar flexion

Back 31

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Front 32

TIbialis posterior

origin: interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula
insertion: tarsal and metatarsal bones

group: deep posterior leg
innervation: tibial nerve
blood supply:
drain:
location: chunky tendon on tarsal bones, medial to flexor hallucis longus and lateral to flexor digitorum longus, tendon crosses with FDL tendon - tendon then medial to FDL tendon

Function: plantar flex ankle, inverts foot (supinate)

Back 32

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Front 33

Flexor digitorum longus

origin: posteromedial surface of tibia
insertion:inferior surfaces of distal phalanges 2-5

group: deep posterior leg
innervation: tibial nerve
blood supply:
drain:
location: medial leg, tendon crosses tendon of TP - tendon end lateral to TP tendon

Function: plantar flexion, flex 4 digits, support longitudinal arches of foot

Back 33

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Front 34

flexor hallucis longus

origin: posterior surface of fibula
insertion: inferior surface of distal phalanx of great toe

group: deep posterior leg
innervation: tibial nerve (branch sciatic)
blood supply:
drain:
location: under and lateral to tibialis posterior

Function: assist plantar flexion, flex big toe, support medial longitudinal arch of foot

Back 34

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Front 35

popliteus: divergent

origin: lateral, distal femur
insertion: posterior proximal tibial shaft

group: deep posterior
innervation: tibial nerve
blood supply:
drain into:
location: under plantaris (& entire superficial group)

function: weak knee flexion, medially rotates tibia (of unplanted limb)

Back 35

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Front 36

Gastrocnemius: 2 head structure

origin: posterior, distal femur
insertion: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon)

group: superficial posterior leg
innervatioin: tibial nerve (branch sciatic)
blood supply:
drain into:
location: most superficial two headed posterior muscle, inserts into calcaneous tendon

Function: plantar flexion when knee extended + knee flexion + raise heel during walking

Back 36

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Front 37

Soleus

origin: posterior, proximal tibia and fibula
insertion: calcaneous (calcaneous tendon)

group: superficial posterior leg
innervation: tibial nerve (branch sciatic)
blood supply:
drain into:
location: under gastrocnemius, "sole" shaped

Function: plantar flexion when knee extended

Back 37

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Front 38

Plantaris

origin: lateral, distal femus
insertion: calcaneus & sometimes plantar aponeurosis

group: superficial posterior leg
innervation: tibial nerve
blood supply
drain:
location: very long tendon from lateral to medial, most proximal and deep of superficial posterior leg

Function: weak gastrocnemius plantarflexing ankle

Back 38

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Front 39

Extensor hallucis brevis (big toe)
Extensor digitorum brevis

No hand equivalent

Back 39

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Front 40

Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

Layer 1

Back 40

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Front 41

Flexor digitorum brevis

No hand equivalent
Layer 1

Back 41

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Front 42

Lumbricals
deep to tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Layer 2

Back 42

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Front 43

Quadratus Plantae

No hand equivalent
Layer 2

Back 43

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Front 44

Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique head)

layer 3

Back 44

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Front 45

Plantar interossei

Back 45

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Front 46

Dorsal interossei

Back 46

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