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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dravidian
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An umbrella term for ancient and diverse people living in a subcontinent prior to the Aryans.
Archaeological finds give us understanding of period |
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Harrapa
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one of the first, an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal.
connected to Dravidian society |
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Mohenjo Daro
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an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2600 BCE, it was one of the BIGGEST settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.
connected to Dravidian society |
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Indus Valley Culture (IVC)
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Planned cities/sewer systems
ceremonial buildings w/ baths Seals had motifs of animals Thousands of female figurines found with exaggerated hips and breasts |
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Aryan
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Nobles, nomadic groups migrating from around the Black and Caspian sea
stress on sacredness of fire |
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Varna
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the term for the four broad ranks into which traditional Hindu society is divided
Brahmin Kshatriya Vaishya Shudra |
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Brahmin (priestly caste)
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priestly caste
White |
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Kshatriya
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warrior caste
Red |
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Vaishya
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producer/farmer caste
yellow/green |
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Shudra
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servant caste
black |
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Rig Veda (RV)
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Composed of Rishis, poet-seers thought to have divine inspiration.
rituals hymns about the gods, the creation of the cosmos and question about ultimate experience OLDEST and most IMPORTANT of the four Vedas |
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Yajna
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1/3 and most IMPORTANT concept in RV
sacrificial fire ritual, involves animals as victims |
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Rita
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2/3 concept in RV
order, patterned force in the cosmos, predictability |
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Tapas
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3/3 concept in RV
lit, heat, creative heat energy, heat in some form is necessary for acts of creation |
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Chaos (as a state in relation to order/creation)
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Chaos was after creation, yet before civilization
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Autochthonous (as a type of symbol sometimes used in myths)
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(of an inhabitant of a place) indigenous rather than descended from migrants or colonists.
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Purusa
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a being who pervades everything conscious and unconscious universally. He is poetically depicted as a being with thousand heads, eyes and legs, enveloping the earth from all sides and transcending it by ten fingers length. All manifestation, in past present and future, is held to be the him alone.
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Agni
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key deity in RV, appears in 1/3 of RV
god of fire and fire itself messenger to the gods |
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Soma
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key deity in RV
god of powerful intoxicating drink and drink itself said to increase Brahman's tapas(heat) for yajna(ritual) |
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Vac
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key deity in RV
goddess of sacred speech, linked to wisdom as its spoken in yajna(sacrifice) from RV |
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Varuna
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key deity in RV
high sky god, protector of rita(order) as well as social and moral order of humans |
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Yama
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key deity in RV
not a god, but first human to die king of dead, chooses who goes and who doesn't |
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Usas
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key deity in RV
goddess of dawn, daily microcosm of the victory of order over chaos, dawn pushing aside the night |
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Indra
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key deity in RV
god of storm and thunderbolt, battles serpent(urtra) cultural contact symbol for "us" |
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Rudra
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key deity in RV
god of storm, unlike Indra, he is unpredictable protects easily as it destroys |
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Dharma
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one of the four ideal aims of life
your duties in life according to varna, religion, ethics support/maintain through one’s duties the cosmos, society, and morality |
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Artha
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two of the four ideal aims of life
gain benefits of this world: wealth, reputation, standing |
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Kama
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three of the four ideal aims of life
enjoy sexual desires, love, romance, production of children |
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Moksha
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four of the four ideal aims of life, most important
transcendent fourth spiritual liberation |
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Sannyasin
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fourth stage in the ideal stages of life (student, householder, forest dweller, and _________)
transcendent fourth Renounces worldly attachments to family and caste; “already dead” to the world |
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Shruti
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“uncontested” (early) religious literary genres (e.g. Vedas, Upanshida)
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Smriti
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“contested” (late) religious literary genres (e.g. epic poems, Puranas)
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Brahman
(-an) it refers to the Upanishad’s notion of the eternal, immutable spirit (purusha) that also manifests itself as active material nature (prakriti) |
(brh: to grow, swell, expand)
the eternal, generative power of all existence; the doing of all that exists and the essence in all that exists |
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Puja
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the worship, the ritual
a religious ritual performed by Hindus as an offering to various deities, distinguished persons, or special guests |
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Prasad
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a material substance of food that is a religious offering in both Hinduism and Sikhism, which is consumed by worshippers
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Darshan
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seeing the god
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Bhakti
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(loving) Devotion to Gods and Goddesses
Definitive of most Hindu Religiosity today Devotional relationships with gods and goddesses get expressed... 1. performatively-actions and emotions of puja 2. textually/orally-stories from smriti literature (puranas-”ancient times” a genre of texts typically narrating the career of a diety.) |
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Mahabharata
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one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana
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Adharma over against Dharma
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not to do one’s duty
not following dharma one sabotages an orderly cosmos |
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Varnadharma
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rejection of new religious movements
socially conservative, holding on to older values |
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Karma yoga (yoga of action)
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to act without ego (prakriti self); act only on duty (dharma) free of emotions and partiality
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Yoga of understanding
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to act in awareness of actual reality, to know the eternal, enduring spirit (purusha, Brahman-atman) over against the ephemeral, fleeting character of nature (prakriti, maya)
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Bhakti yoga (yoga of devotionalism)
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to act in devotion to Krishna as supreme spirit of the universe
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Gopis
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a word of Sanskrit origin meaning 'cow-herd girl'. In Hinduism specifically the name gopi (sometimes gopika) is used more commonly to refer to the group of cow herding girls famous within Vaishnava Theology for their unconditional devotion (Bhakti) to Krishna
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Rasa lila
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the traditional story of Krishna described in Hindu scriptures such as the Bhagavata Purana and literature such as the Gita Govinda, where he dances liki with Radha and her sakhis
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Prakriti
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nature; material, dynamic aspect of Brahman; Brahman as “the doing that exists (in a constant state of change)
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Purusha
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spirit, absolute consciousness; unchanging, eternal aspect of Brahman, Brahman as “the essence in all that exists”
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Lila
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”play,” “past time,” creative activity of Brahman in the production of prakriti
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Maya
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”illusion;” the changing forms of prakriti; a “veil” of change, of Brahmans playful “doing” masking Brahman’s essence as unchanging supreme spirit or absoluteconsciousness (purusha)
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Atman
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”self;” the purusha aspect of Brahman (as the supreme self) that dwell in each sentient being
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3 gunas
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“threads” or “strings;” constantly interacting, asserting-yielding of the three qualities producing the dynamism of prakriti (inertia/passion/harmony)
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Avidya
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lit., the absence of knowledge; ignorance; the absence of knowing your true self (Atman)
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karma
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lit., action; cause and effect of one’s (attitude toward) actions in determining next round of life.
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Samsara
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karmic circle of birth and death the atman traverses
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Moksha (2)
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ultimate liberation, the goal of the transcending becoming one with Brahman
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Tat Tsvam Asi
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“you are that;” “that is how you are” (Brahman is truly your Atman)
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Vishnu
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Blue, disc, conch, mace, flower?
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Shiva
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Blue, trident
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Hanuman
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Monkey dude
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Parvati
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Wife and consort of shiva
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Ganesha
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son of Shiva and Parvati
elephant BIOTCH |
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Kali
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Necklace of heads, swords
dances on Shiva (boner/trident) |
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Durga
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hands, tiger, weapons
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Krishna
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blue, flute
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Arjuna
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Prince with Krishna
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Hymn of Purusa/The Cosmic Person
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Text
talks about the abilities of Purusa` |
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Hymn of Origins
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Text
THAT ONE talks about creation |
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Chandogya Upanishad
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Father talks to son
conversation |
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The Bhagavad Gita
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Krishna and Ajuna talking and ****
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The Beautiful Legend of God / Bhagavata Purana
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Krishna
Rasa Lina Gopis |
