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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indus Valley Civilization |
Idea of the beginning place of Hinduism 2 places of importance (Muchajadoro & Hurapa). |
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Mohenjadoro |
Place where many artifacts relating to Hindu tradition were found. Might be there birth place of Hinduism |
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Things found at Mohenjadoro |
-Great bath: Showed a system of purity & evidence of bricks (temple) -Small Figures: Showed something was worshiped -Statues of Goddess(Fertility): Showed females were/are worshipped. -Seals with animals and script: All gods had animal vehicle. the script has not been uncoded -Siva as Pasupati |
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Siva as Pasupati |
-God of animals -Has animal around his body -Posture in yoga position. Suggest there is an element of yoga. the great Yogy -Bull horns on his head. Bull was his head -Linga is a form of Siva. Erect Penis symbol of energy |
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What happened to the Indus Valley |
A sort of natural disaster |
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Burial mounds at Mohenjadoro |
They were not talked about because the Hindu tradition says the the died are to be cremated |
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Vedas |
Sacred text brought by the Aryans, along with sand script. said to be most important text in Hinduism. They war pasted down orally. Unknown who wrote them. it was said to be the Apauruseya. |
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Aryans |
Nobel people: They came from cultural diffusion or migration. Brought records of culture through sand script and the Vegas |
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Sruti |
That which was heard. Nothing was copied down for a while so the stories where heard and passed down. |
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Rsis |
Vedic Scers. They heard a saw what was happening. They are fully authoritative -> all knowing. Apauruseya. |
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Apauruseya |
Super Human Origins |
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The four Vedas |
1. Rg Veda 2. Sama Veda 3. Yajus Veda 4.) Atharvas |
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Each Veda has four subsets |
-Samahitas
-Brahmanes -Aranyakas -Upanisads |
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Rg Veda |
Longest and most important Veda with over 1000 Hymns |
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Sama Veda |
Takes parts from Rg Veda. Talks about how to read/ sing the Rg Veda. |
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Yajus Veda |
Also copies from the Rg Veda. Talks abut Yajna, which is sacrifice. |
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Atharva |
Things not used in sacrifice. Known as the weird Veda. Does not copy from any other Veda. It is divided in benevolence and manevolence. Talks about spirits |
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Most famous/ known Veda and section |
Samhitas in the Rg Veda. The Hymes |
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Brahmanes |
Rituals and Sacrifice (Yajna) |
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Montra |
Repetition of a sacred sound |
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3 fold division of Vedas universe |
-Mesocosm-Society -Microcosm-Individuals -Macrocosm-Gods Part of the cosmic order |
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Aranyakes |
-Forest books -Specialized practiced outside -Element of secrecy -People had to be intelligent |
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Yajna |
Vedic ritual that gives gods power (Dharma, Karma, ect.) |
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Dharma |
Duty to perform Yajna |
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Karma |
Action of performing Yajna |
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Rta |
Cosmic Order. Yajna is done to maintain Rta |
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Devas |
Gods(EXAMPLE) and Goddess (EXAMPLE) |
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Agni |
Fire which is essential for sacrifice |
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What is missing for the Vedas |
Imagines of Gods and Goddess but are a large part of the religion today
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Upanisads |
The conversational and last part of the Vedas. Reffered to as Vedanta Created the concept of getting Jnana |
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Jnana
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Knowledge
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2 levels of knowledge |
Higher and lower level |
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Upanisads has new ideas and philosophies. New definitions (Dharma, Karma,Punya, Pape, and, Samsara) |
Dharma- Duty to understand the Upanisads Karma- system of rewards and punishments spanning several lifetimes Punya- Merited deeds Pape- Sinful deeds |
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Moska |
Liberation through Jnana. Going to a higher level of knowledge. Also the freedom from samsara |
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Much bad karma leads to? Much good karma leads to? |
Atmen or one’s soul will go to hell to get rid of said karma The soul goes to heaven and the person will be reborn before reaching Moska |
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Karma balance of zero |
Can be achieved through knowledge and is taught in the Upanisads |
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Good rebirth |
Puts one in a good situation to achieve Moska |
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Brahmin |
-Principale referring not only to the power of the ritual but the essence of the Universe -Everywhere but nowhere (Neti-Nothing) -Inter controller -Atmen (Soul) |
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Two forms of Brahman |
Nirgana-Without form Sagana- With form (Imagines) |
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Atmen |
Essacne of soul/self and a symbol of Brahman |
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Mahackyas |
Great saying of the Upanisads Father and son Conciousness is Brahman This self I am Brahman |
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New Microcosm and Macrocosm |
Mirco- Samsara. Cycle of birth life and death Macro- Continuous change in a bigger scale Three worlds |
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Purusa Saktum |
From Hymn action of the Rg Veda. It splits into two forms both a male and female to create purusa (w/ a ‘p’) who then sacrifices himself allowing the universe to exist. this shows why sacrifice is important. He also created the gods through his sacrifice. |
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Hiranya Garbha/Golden Embryo |
Cosmic theory about how the world came to be |
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Smrti |
That which is remembered |
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Classical Hinduism |
New realm of less authoritative text that gives form to reading. It is understandable and relevent |
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Four types of Smrti |
1-Epics (itihasas): Ramaya and Mahabharata (bhagavaed gita) 2-Ancient stories (Puranas) 3- Codes of Ethics and Laws (dharmasastra) 4-Vedanga: Limbs of the Vedas |
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Puramas |
Concept of cyclical time broken in four yugas |
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The Four Yugas |
-Called the Mayha Yuga -They are progressively getting shorter because dhrama is dwindling out of the yugas - The Four Yugas: Krta, Treta, Dvarapara, and Kali |
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Descibe each of the 4 Yugas |
Krta: Golden Age when Dhrama was high Treta: Dhrama on way down a bit Dvarapara: Dhrama is not struggling Kali: Current period and Dhrama is very very shitty |
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Maim focus of Smtri |
Dharma |
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Dharma |
Rules containing to cosmic and social order. Obligation to one’s family and social group Both ritual and moral behavior Obligation, Duty, Law, Justice, Ethics |
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Varna |
Caste system that comes from purusa 1- Brahmins: Priest class 2-Ksutriya: Warriors, Kings, Queens-> $$$ 3-Vaisya: One that does land work (famers) 4-Sudra: Servants and tradesmen |
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Caste relation to class |
They are not the same thing |
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Jati |
Sub group in the caste based on job, family, and location |
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All elements need to be in _________ |
Harmony |
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Dalit |
The untouchables who are out of the caste system. They’re in bad situations and do all the hard work and are discriminated against. |
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Dvija |
Three first three classes who all have access to texts. |
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Asramas |
The stages of life -Celebrated student: Starts after the sacred thread and students learn about texts w/teacher -Householder: Getting a job, marrying, having a kid, ect. Repay three debts to a.) gods b.) sages c.) ancestors -Forest Dweller: Leave and go to worship and live in the forest. Still do Puja Renaneer- Put out daily fire and wonder |
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4 goals of the householder |
1. Dharma: Performe duty of belover 2. Athra: Accumulate wealth 3. Kama: Desire to have children 4. Moska: The goal reach. Done by doing dharma |
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Puja |
Daily Ritual |
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Bhukti |
Those who stay householders until they reach Moska |
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Sramana |
Muska tradition where you don’t go throughout the stages |
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Dharmasashas |
Smtri literature that talks about one’s social obligation’s (dharma)
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Manu Smtri |
Met for a village. the greatest sin is to kill a Brahmin |
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Three types of Dharma |
Varnasramadharma: duty to your caste & level Stridharma: woman’s duty (worship husband like a god, have kids) Svadharma: Contains things from the previous two. “Your own duty" |
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Amangala and Mangala |
Inauspicious and auspicious
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Married women are said to be the most... |
Auspicious person |
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Childbirth is _______ & _________ |
auspicious and inpure |
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Sramana |
Tradition of wondering |
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Samskas |
Sixteen ceremonies known as life-cycle rituals 4. Jatakarmen: Birth rite 11. Upanayana: Sacred thread (boy entering to student hood) 15. Vivaha: Marriage 16. Antiyesti: Funeral rite |
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5 marriage features |
1. Gift of the virgin 2. Clasping of hands 3. Sapta Padi: 7 step around fire w/Agni 4. Mangla dharma: Giving of auspiciousness to the bride (tying of the string) 5. Exchange of the Garland |
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Funeral rites |
Antiyesti or Last sacrifice. Inauspicious and cause pollution Using household fire Funeral pyre light with domestic fire of dvija by the oldest son |
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Yama |
Right to be cremated |
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Final rites |
Sraddha rites |
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Sakti |
Not a hindu ritual. It is violence against women |
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Vrates-Vowel |
Women ritual observance for family well-being
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Tapas |
Spiritual inter heat received from Stridhamra |
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Samskara |
Appriate life cycle ritual (for ones class) |
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Agni |
God of fire |
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Indra |
God of storms |
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Modi |
Cleanest state one can be in |
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Mukti |
from student to renouncer |
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Maharna |
Jati that could increase/change varna |
