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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Laws of Manu (100 CE)
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four ends of human life (kama-pleasure,artha-gain,dharma-righteousness,moksha-liberation)
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Four Ashramas-stages of life
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Student, Householder,Hermit,Renunciant
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Goals of hinduism
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Freedom from Karma, God realization, identification with absolute
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Vedas
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Hindusim ancient scriptures
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Indigenous cultures of indus valley
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2500-1500 B.C.E. Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro ( 2 cities)mother goddess, phalic gods,sacred bulls, baths
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Laws of Manu (100 CE)/Aims of human life
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four ends of human life ;kama-pleasure,artha-gain,dharma-righteousness,moksha-liberation
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Vedas
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Hindusim ancient scriptures
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Indigenous cultures of indus valley
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2500-1500 B.C.E. Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro ( 2 cities)mother goddess, phalic gods,sacred bulls, baths
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Buddha
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enlightened one
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Ganesha
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elephant god.remover of all obstacles. two consorts;siddhi(achievement)&buddhi(intellect)
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Shiva
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absolute cosmic being
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Shakti
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power of universe, creative and destructive.Countless names.Parvati(nature)Annapura(food &Harvest)Kali(world of appearances)
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Brahman
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absolute god
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Maya
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world of illusions,ignorance
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Moksha
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state of liberation from Karma and cycle of reincarnation, liberation to unconditional reality
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Rita
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cosmic order
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Dharma
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path to right living.
world of form, social order, harmony when all things work together |
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Svadharma
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ones personal dharma
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Karma
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cause and effect of deeds and thoughts of ones
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Guru
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treacher, spiritual guide
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The Aryan Vedas-ancient scriptures in Sanskrit,oldest book in hinduism.
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Rig Veda(hymns mythology) YajurVeda(material for sacrificies)Sama Veda(Chants and verses for priest)Atharva veda(rituals prayers, spells form the home)
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Atman
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soul,one true self with Unniversal Divine reality.
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3 levels of cosmos
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sky,athmosphere,earth
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Agni
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sacred fire
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Mantras
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sacred word or syllables chanted or meditated to bring spiritual powers
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Tapas
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interior heat generated by sacrifice
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Mandukya Upanishad have 3 aspects and beyond and 4th
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1-ordinary waking,2-mental nature turned upon itself ( dreams) 3- deep sleep w/o dream4-oneness unification 1,2,3,4
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Mystical monism
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universe unity as a whole
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sadhus
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holymen, rigorous self denial
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Vardhamana (Mahavira) 540- 468 BCE
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Founder of Jainism
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Jainism
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ancient Indian religion emphizising the attachement to freedon of Karma and material existence.Vardhamana (mahavira)ascetics,Jivas(souls particels of life)Karma coasts soul. 2 priest Digambas(naked)Svetambavas(clothes)
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Varnas-colors cast
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Brahmins(priest)Kshatriyas(rules warriors)Vaishyas(merchants craftman)Shudras(peasants)Harijans(outcast,untouchables)Each cast has its own Dharma ( social duties)
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Yogas Sutras of Patanjali 300BCE(yoga derived from yuj, yoke=join)
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8step process:
yama(code conduct),niyama(religious observances),asana(posture),pranamaya(breath control),pratyahara(disengagement),dharana([ ]),dhyana(meditation),samadhi(freedom) |
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The Bhagavad Gita (100CE)epic poem,"song of the Lord"
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Includes Lawns of Manu, Yogi and Bhakti, Story of prince(850-650BCE) Arjunaand charioterKrishna(incarnation of Vishnu) battle Mahabharata story.Teaches bad karma if cast disobbey,variety of means ot release from samsara, Vishnu loves humans, Bhakti to vishnu.
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Bhakti
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way of love for God in personal form, love for ones chose deity
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Vishnu
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God as force of order and righteousness, Here to restore good in the world ( krishna is his descendent)
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Vedanta
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"the end", culmination of the Vedas, the upanishads Brahman is one with Atman.Badarayana wrote Vedanta Sutra (1st BCE)
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Advaita Vedanta- Shankara(700-732BCE)
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radical oness, only one deity only one Brahman,promoted Monasticisim, 4 centers of monastic thought in India. Monk,no possesions, obedience, Garb worn
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Tantrism
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path emphazising powerfull initiation,esoteric rituals, sexual symbolism
Shiva or Kali.Kundalini and 7 chakras |
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Kundalini
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coiled power at base of spine awakening chakras
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7 Chakras
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centers of spiritual power along spinal column,culmiates in sahasrara (lotus on top of head)
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Jati
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subcast
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Ramanuja (1017CE)
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greates thedosian of bhakti.God is like the head and Cosmos the body. separate but interact.Vishnu and Shiva,personal god of love to which souls can relate
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Vishnu
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Male concept of godLakshmi consort. Bhy Devi (earth).Periodically enters the worlds as Avatars to get dharma.God of Love and Benevolence.Devotees Vaisnavas)
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Avatars of Vishnu
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fish, tortoise, boar,men-lion, dwarf,Parasunama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha, Kalkin (yet to come at end of world)
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Krishna apperas in 3 forms
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marvelous infant, divinelover, Great lao of the Bhagavad-Gita
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Simad Bhagavatam
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classic text of life of Krishna
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Vaishavas
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devoteed to Krishna &Vishu
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Shiva
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auspicious one.Based on Aryan God Rudra. Shaivas devotees. God of oposites unifies them. Favorite of ascetics.
God as union of opposites Shiva &Shakti. Only appears in visions not born like Vishnu |
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4 representations of Shiva
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Lord of Dance,Master YogI,Ultimate teacher,Lingam
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Shaktas
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devotees to Kali
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Ramakrishna(1836-1886)
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devoted to Kali, modern religion pluralism,Swami Vivekananda(1862-1902CE) brings vedantic hinduism to the west. makes it respectable
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Narak
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founder of Sikh religion
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Sadhus
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holy men of India
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Mohandas K Ghandi(1869-1948)
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Took as cause Indian independence from Britain.Draws non violence from Jainism ahimas(harmlessness)
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Purdah
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secluding wife at home
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Sati
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prohibited on 1829. Wife burned alive in husbands funeral
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Mate Mahadevi
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The great mother goddess.
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Sikhism(16th century)
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Bounds Hindusim & Islam.Guru Nanak. Holy Granth(scripture)all loving god and universal.No cast.(gave america eckhankar &radhasoami)
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Arjun(1563-1606)
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5th Sikhism guru compiled the Sikh scriptures on Golden Temple of Aristar.
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Gobind Rai((1666-1708)
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10th last guru of Sikhism. Inagurated Khalsa( religious military fraternity)Drank amrit (nectar)
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1893 World Parliament of Religions Chicago Fair
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Intro Hindusim to Americas
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Samadhi
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super consciousness of God, enlightement.rishis are advanced and have reached samadhi
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Largest Hindu population
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In order;India,Burma,Pakistan,Indonesia,Papua, N Guinea,UK
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Brahmins
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schoolar or priest
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Goal Of Hinduism
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release from all conditions. Liberation from all that circumscribes ones senses.
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Four Basic part of each vedic book
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Mantras(hymns)Brahmanas(rituals)Aranyakas( forest treasties for hermits)Upanishads( philosophical material)
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Upanishads
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14 , designed for spiritually advanced. monoteistic ( contrary to vedas)Meditation not sacrifice.
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Samsara
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the wheel of rebirth, the world.
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Advaita Vedanta
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Developed by Shankara (700-732 CE),devotee of Shiva.Teaches avidya(ignoracne)&Maya. Establish 4 monastic centers in India> Fierce oponent to Buddhism
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Devotional Hinduism
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Integrates Folk Gods and Buddhism with Gods of Hinduism.Devotion to Bhakti. Cast and Subcast. Puranas(accounts)
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Consorts of Shiva
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Shakti(power fmenine great mother)Kali(more terrible than shiva, darkdevotees shaktas)Paravati(opposite of Kali)
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