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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?
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phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1)
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Rate limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis?
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fructose-1,6-bisphosphonate
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rate limiting enzyme of TCA cycle?
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isocitrate dehydrogenase
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rate limiting enzyme of glycogen synthesis?
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glycogen synthase
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rate limiting enzyme of glycogenolysis?
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glycogen phosphorylase
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rate limiting enzyme of HMP shunt?
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glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
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rate limiting enzyme of de novo purine synthesis?
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carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
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rate limiting enzyme of de novo purine synthesis
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glutamine PRPP amidotransferase
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rate limiting enzyme of urea cycle
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carbamoyl phosphate synthesis I
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rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis
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acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
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rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation?
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carnitine acyltransferase I
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rate limiting enzyme of ketogenesis?
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HMG-CoA synthase
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rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis?
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HMG-CoA reductase
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acetaminophen poisoning?
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N-acetylcysteine
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salicylate poisoning?
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NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis
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AChE inhibitors, organophosphate poisoning?
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atropine + pralidoximine
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amphetamine poisoning?
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NH4Cl (acidify urine)
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antimuscarinic, anticholinergic poisoning?
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physostigmine salicylate
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beta blocker poisoning?
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glucagon
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digitalis poisoning?
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stop dig, normalize K+ and Mg+, lidocaine, and anti-dig Fab fragments
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iron poisoning?
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deferoxamine
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lead poisoning?
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CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer (IN CHILDREN!!!), penicillamine.
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mercury, arsenic, gold poisoning?
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dimercaprol (BAL), succimer
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copper, arsenic, gold poisoning?
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penicillamine
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cyanide poisoning?
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nitrate, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate
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methemoglobin poisoning?
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methylene blue, vit C
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CO poisoning?
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100% O2, hyperbaric O2
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methanol, ethylene glycol poisoning?
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ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole
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opiods poisoning?
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naloxone/naltrexone
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benzodiazepine poisoning?
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flumazenil
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TCA poisoning?
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NaHCO3 (Alkalinize plasma)
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heparin poisoning?
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protamine
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warfarin poisoning?
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vit K, fresh frozen plasma
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tPA, streptokinase poisoning?
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aminocaproic acid
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theophylline poisoning?
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beta blockers
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What histological change takes place in the trachea of a smoker?
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Squamous metaplasia
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What structure, located inferior to the thyroid cartilage, is incised for emergency airways?
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cricothyroid membrane
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What cell type proliferates during lung damage?
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Type II pneumocyte. Also the source of surfactant production.
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A young woman has infertility, situs inversus, and recurrent sinus infections. What's the problem?
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dynein arm defect. This leads to dysmobility of cilia. This is Kartagener's syndrome.
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What substances are known for causing methemoglobinemia?
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dapsone, sulfonamides, local anesthetics, chloroquin, primaquine, nitrates, metoclopramide
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Most common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised pt?
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pneumocystis jiroveci
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most common cause of atypical/walking pneumonia?
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mycoplasma
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cause of Q fever?
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coxiella burnetti
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most common cause of pneumonia in child 1 y/o or younger?
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RSV
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most common cause of pneumonia in neonate?
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Grp B strep (also most common cause of meningitis)
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most common cause of pneumonia in college students, military recruits, prisoners?
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mycoplasma
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common baceterial cause of COPD exacerbation?
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h. influenza
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Pontiac fever?
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legionella
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three most common location of lung cancer mets?
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brain, bone, liver
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what is the hallmark sign of COPD?
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decreased FEV1, increased VC, RV, and TLC
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you auscultate heart sounds that diminish in volume when the pt inspires. What is this and what causes it?
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pulsus paradoxus.
asthma, tamponade, pericarditis, croup |
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Hypothalamic nucleus consider master clock for circadian rhythm?
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suprachiasmatic
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Hypothalamic nucleus that regulates PNS?
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Anterior nucleus
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Hypothalamic nucleus that results in hyperthermia when damaged?
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Anterior nucleus
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Hypothalamic nucleus that regulates SNS?
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Posterior nucleus
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Hypothalamic nucleus that produces ADH
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supraoptic nucleus in posterior pituitary
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Hypothalamic nucleus that mediates oxytocin release?
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paraventricular nucleus in posterior pituitary
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Hypothalamic nucleus that receives input from the retina?
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lateral geniculate
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Hypothalamic nucleus that results in savage behavior and obesity when destroyed?
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ventromedial area of HT
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Hypothalamic nucleus that results in savage behavior and obesity when stimulated?
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Lateral area of HT
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Hypothalamic nucleus that regulates the release of LH/FSH?
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Preoptic nucleus of ant. pituitary
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Hypothalamic nucleus responsible for cooling?
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Anterior nucleus of HT
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Hypothalamic nucleus responsible for warming?
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Posterior nucleus of HT
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Hypothalamic nucleus that causes central diabetes insipidous when damaged?
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Supraoptic nucleus of Post HT
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Hypothalamic nucleus responsible for releasing hormones from ant pituitary?
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Arcuate nucleus of Ant HT
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What portion of the thalamus relays somatosensory from the body?
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VPL
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What portion of the thalamus relays communications with the prefrontal cortex, resulting in memory loss if damaged?
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mediodorsal
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What portion of the thalamus relays cerebellum (dentate nucleus) and basal ganglia to the motor cortex?
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VA/VL
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What portion of the thalamus relays trigeminothalamic and taste pathways to the somatosensory cortex?
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VPM
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What portion of the thalamus relays info from the retina to the occipital lobe?
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LGN
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What portion of the thalamus relays hearing to the auditory complex of the temporal lobe?
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MGN
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Lesion in the amygdala?
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior |
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Lesion in the frontal lobe?
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disinhibition, disorientation, loss of concentration and judgement, reemergence of primitive reflexes
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right parietal lobe (non-dominant) lesion?
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spatial neglect syndrome
You will ignore one side of the world (contralaterally). Classic is a women with a right parietal lobe lesion who doesn't put makeup on the left side of her face |
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reticular activating system (midbrain) lesion?
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reduced levels of consciousness wakefulness
COMA!!! |
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mammillary bodies lesion?
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome:
Wernicke: confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia Korsakoff: memory loss, confabulation, personality change |
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Basal ganglia lesion?
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may result in tremor at rest, chorea, or athetosis (convuluted writhing motions of the head, neck, arms, and hands)
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Cerebellar hemisphere lesion?
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intention tremor, limb ataxia. You will fall TOWARD the side of the lesion
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cerebellar vermis lesion?
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truncal ataxia, dysarthria
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subthalamic nucleus lesion?
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contralateral hemiballismus
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hippocampus lesion?
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inability to make new memories.
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paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) lesion?
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lesion of superior colliculi.
there will be paralysis of upward gaze. eyes look AWAY from side of lesion |
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frontal eye field lesion?
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eyes look TOWARD lesion
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