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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What cardiomyopathy can be considered early hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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restrictive
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what type of cardiomyopathy is considered end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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dilated
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substance abuse that causes Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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Alcohol
Beriberi Cocaine |
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infectious agents that cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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Coxsackie B virus
HIV Chagas disease Lyme disease |
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Echo findings for HCM?
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-SAM (systolic anterior movement of mitral valve)
-ASH (asymmetric septal hypertrophy) |
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How would you treat HCM?
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-negative inotropic agents like calcium channel blockers and beta blockers
-don't use preload reducing agents (venoud vasodilators, nitrates, etc) |
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Findings in restrictive cardiomyopathy?
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-normal wall thickness and no dilation
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presentation of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
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-Right heart failure (acites, edema, dyspnea)
-Atria dilate |
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How would you treat restrictive cardiomyopathy?
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-loop diuretics (don't reduce preload to much tho)
-Ca channel blockers -Beta blockers -Anticogulants |
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Broken heart syndrome
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form of reversible heart failure (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy)
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Pathogenesis of broken heart syndrome
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-in systole blood is squeezed in middle and not in apex
-may have coronoary vasospasm --> mycardial perfusion -dyskinesis |
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How do pts with cardiomyopathies commonly die?
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electrical death (due to ventricular arrhythmia)
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examples of dilated ring causing aortic regurgitation?
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idiopathic annulus dilation
acute aortic dissection syphilis Marfan syndrome ankylosing sponylitis aortitis (takaysau syndrome) Rhuematoid Arthritis Systemic lupus MR IS^2 A^3 Dilated AR |
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Explain effects of volume overload in Aortic regurgitation?
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1) increased LV pressure
2) LV dilation 3) Mitral regurgitation 4) pulmonary hypertension |
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Which valvular dz causes sudden cardiac death?
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Aortic stenosis
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What occurs in ischemic MR?
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-dysfunction and rupture of Papillary muscles
-brief periods of ischemia in angina pectoris -can be life threatening |
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symptoms of mitral stenosis?
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RV failure (hepatosplenomegaly, edema, ascites and anasarca
-Mitral facies (cyanosis)) -JVD -PHT -Diastolic murmur and thrill at apex |
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Most common cause of Aortic stenosis?
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Senile Degenerative calcific AS
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Symptoms of AS?
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Angina, syncope, weak and delayed pulses
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What can AS lead to?
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Ventricular arrhymias, LV concentric hypertrophy, Congenital Heart Failure, sudden death
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Common causes of AR?
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-Ruematic Heart Disease
-Infective Endocarditis -causes of annuls dilation |
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symptoms of AR?
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Angina, orthopenea, collapsing pulse
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common cause of MS
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RHD (causes bittonhole MV)
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what results from MS?
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-pressure overload on LA (PHT)
-stasis in LA (thromboembolism) -Right heart failure |
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Common causes of MR?
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Mitral valve prolapse
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what results from MR?
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Vol. overload LV and LA (PHT)
-jet lesions, atrial fibrillation -Congestive heart failure |
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Common causes of mitral valve prolapse?
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myxomatous degeneration
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What happens in mitral valve prolapse?
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-MV cusps balloon back into LV
-common cause of MR |
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what results from MVP?
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-thromboembolism, arrhythmias
-infective endocarditis |
