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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The 3 layers of the pericardium are:
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visceral serous (epicardium)
parietal serous fibrous |
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The pericardial cavity lies between ___ and ___.
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visceral serous pericardium
parietal serous pericardium |
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The fibrous pericardium fuses superiorly with ___, inferiorly to ___, and anteriorly to ___.
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adventitia of great vessels
central tendon of diaphragm sternum |
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The transverse sinus lies in the ___, betweewn ___ and ___.
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pericardial cavity
parietal pericardium visceral pericardium |
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The phrenic nerve and pericardiacophrenic vessels run between ___ and ___.
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fibrous pericardium
mediastinal part of parietal pleura |
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The oblique sinus is ___ to the transverse sinus, and terminates at ___.
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inferior
inputs of pulmonary veins |
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The thoracic IVC is ___ with respect to the pericardium.
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inside
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Cardiac tamponade is ___. Symptoms include (5)
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accumulation of fluid inside pericardial cavity
hypotension unresponsive to hydration compression of SVC paradoxical pulse spontaneous (venous) filling of syringe distant heart sounds |
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The 2 approaches for pericardiocentesis are ___ and ___. The first penetrates ___, the second ___.
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sternal
subxiphoid pectoralis major rectus abdominis |
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The major branches of the R coronary a. are: (4)
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SA nodal branch
AV nodal branch R marginal branch posterior interventricular branch |
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The structures supplied by the R coronary a. are: (5)
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SA node
AV node R atrium R ventricle IV septum |
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The LAD branch is also called ___.
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anterior interventricular
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The major branches of the L coronary a. are: (2)
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circumflex branch
LAD branch |
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The branches of the circumflex branch are:
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anterior marginal
obtuse marginal atrial (Marshall) branch posterior marginal/LV |
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The branches of the AIV branch are: (2)
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anterior diagonal branch
septal branches |
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Coronary blood supply is right dominant if ___ branches from ___.
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posterior IV branch
R coronary |
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The top 3 arteries for coronary blockage, in order of frequency, are:
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LAD
R coronary circumflex |
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The ___ vein reverses the course of the LAD and drains into ___.
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great cardiac
coronary sinus |
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The ___ vein reverses the course of the PIV and drains into ___.
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middle cardiac
coronary sinus |
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The ___ vein reverses the course of the right marginal branch and drains into the ___.
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small cardiac
coronary sinus |
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The ___ veins are located ___, and drain into ___.
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anterior cardiac
on anterior aspect of RV RA |
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The ___ veins are located ___, and drain into ___.
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smallest cardiac
within wall of heart nearest chamber of heart |
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The pulmonary valve is a ___ valve. It has ___ cusps which are designated ___.
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semilunar
3 left, right, anterior |
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The aortic valve is a ___ valve. It has ___ cusps which are designated ___.
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semilunar
3 left, right, posterior |
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The mitral valve is the valve between ___ and ___. It has ___ cusps which are designated ___.
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LA
LV 2 anterior, posterior |
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The tricuspid valve is the valve between ___ and ___. It has ___ cusps which are designated ___.
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RA
RV 3 anterior, poster, septal |
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The aortic and pulmonary valves can be auscultated at ___.
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edge of sternum, intercostal space 2
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The mitral valve can be auscultated at ___.
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left intercostal space 5
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The tricuspid valve can be auscultated at ___.
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sternal end of intercostal space 5
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The cusps of the mitral and tricuspid valves are tethered to ___ by ___.
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papillary muscles
chordae tendineae |
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__ is the pacemaker of the heart. It is located just beneath ___, at ___.
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SA node
pericardium junction of SVC and RA |
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AV node is located just beneath ___, at ___, near ___.
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endocardium
right side of interatrial septum ostium of coronary sinus |
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Parasympathetic innervation to the heart is via __. It ___s the heart rate.
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vagus nerve
decreases |
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The preganglionic parasympathetic cells originate in ___, terminate ___ and release ___. The postganglionic cells terminate ___ and release ___.
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dorsal nucleus of vagus and nucleus ambiguus
near SA, AV nodes ACh at SA, AV nodes ACh |
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Sympathetic innervation to the heart is via ___. It ___s the heart rate.
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postganglionic sympathetic nerves
increases |
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The preganglionic sympathetic cells originate in ___, terminate ___, and release ___. The postganglionic cells terminate ___, and release ___.
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IML column of the spinal cord
stellate and middle cervival ganglia ACh on myocardium NE |
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Tetralogy of Fallot is caused by ___. The characteristics are (4):
The symptom is ___. |
abnormal migration of neural crest cells
pulmonary stenosis overriding aorta IV septal defect RV hypertrophy cyanosis |
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Overriding aorta means ___. It therefore necessitates ___.
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The aorta receives blood from RV in addition to LV.
IV septal defect. |
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Membranous ventricular septal defect is caused by ___. At first it causes ___, but eventually causes ___. The second situation is called ___.
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incomplete fusion of bulbar ridges and AV cushions
left-to-right shunt right-to-left shunt Eisenmenger complex |
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Patent ductus arteriosus causes ___ shunting. It is common in __. ___ and __ promote patency. ___ (4) promote closure.
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left-to-right
premature infants, maternal rubella PgE asphixia Pg inhibitors ACh histamine catecholamines |
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In contrast to MI, angina pectoris is caused by ___. Sensation of pressure/burning lasts for ___.
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non-necrotizing ischemia
up to 20 minutes |
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In MI, the sensation of burning/pressure lasts for ___.
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greater than 30 minutes
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Cor pulmonale is ___, due to ___.
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dilation of RV
pulmonary hypertension |
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Calcific valve disease most commonly affects ___.
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aortic valve
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Rheumatic heart disease is caused by ___. It most commonly affects ___.
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autoimmunity against vavle CT
mitral valve |
