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The uniform fire code defines a high-rise as any building over 75’ in height
In Tucson a high rise is considered four or more stories in height or 50’
All buildings greater than 50’ in city limits are sprinklered and have standpipes
Highest building in Tucson is the UniSource building 330’ with 25 floors
City communication may refer to high rise as building 3
Many occupancy types:
Hospitals
Hotels
Apartments
Office buildings
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General Design Similarities (8)
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Beyond reach of aerial equipment
Height
Building setbacks
Unopenable windows
Potential stack effect
Chimney effect
Fire and smoke spread to upper floor
Unreasonable evacuation time
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Fire Behavior Fire Load (6)
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High rise building are not fireproof
Many have large open floor areas with a high fire load
Flashover potential
Usually airtight creating smoldering fires
Heat usually contained inside building
Window failure can result in exterior fire “Lapping Over”
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Access
Roadway
Doors –key box (knox or supra box)
Stairs
Elevators
Communication
Occupant load
Construction
Utlitlies
Fire protection system
Alarm systems
Sprinkler systems
Standpipes
Water supply
Building engineer/plans
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A wet or dry system of piping, valves, outlets, and related equipment designed to provide water at specified pressures and installed exclusively for the fighting of fire
Standpipe systems provide a means for the manual application of water to fires in buildings
They are designed to provide a quick and convenient means for obtaining effective fire streams in large low building or the upper stories of high buildings. These systems are usually dry and have to be supplies with water by the fire department
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Class I intended for FD use, usually dry
Standpipe outlet located in stairwells, usually protected by fire resistive construction
Class II intended for Occupants use; wet
Hose cabinet only
Class III intended for both FD and Occupants
Both FD hookups and Hose Cabinets
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Heavy Streams fire department trained personnel advanced stages of fire 2 1/2" connections every stairway enclosure at every floor above the first story. Each side of horizontal exit wall and adjacent to exit 4" <100' 6">100' 275' max unless pressure regulated 500 gpm first standpipe, 250 gpm each additional up to 2500gpm, 30 minute duration, 65 psi at top outlet w/ 500 gpm
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Small streams building occupants incipient fire 1 1/2" connections all portions of each sotry or section within 30 feet of nozzle with 100' of hose 2-inch <50' 2 1/2">50' 100 gpm per building, 30-minute duration 65psi w/ 100gpm from topmost outlet
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Class lll - combination (3)
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Both Class 1 and 2 Same as Class 1 with added 1 1/2" outs or 1 1/2" adapters and hose Pipe and supply same as class 1
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Fire Department Connections
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Must indicate intended use
Automatic sprinklers
Dry standpipes
Must have removable or breakable caps in place
Multiple inlets usually interconnected
Must be accessible to FD
Cannot be obstructed
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Tell at a glance how many systems
Engineers ensure correct systems supplied
Allows attack team to correctly ID system and floor level
Continue clockwise around building
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Standpipe Connections (Exterior)
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7 x 7 inch diamond shape
First system marked “A”
Number indicates how many systems
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Standpipe Connections (Interior)
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5 x 5 inch diamond shape
Letter indicates which system
Number placement indicates level above or below ground level
Roof outlet will not have a number just a letter
For outlets above ground level the number will be placed above the letter
For outlets below ground level the number will be placed below the letter
The outlet on the roof will identified with letter only. No floor number will be necessary
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Lay two 2 ½ lines to the standpipe connections and remove the tips and place on ground under the connections
Remove swivel caps from lower, center or any caps if only twoi
Check for gasket and observe into coupling for obstructions
Missing gasket= unused inlet or nozzle tip
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FDC damage or obstructed
Go to second floor of riser
Use siemese with double female and appropriate fitting to create a temporary FDC
Note that E & P states use of wye (TFD has no 2 ½ wye)
Secure fittings with rope to riser to prevent weight damage to riser and outlet
Remember to open valve
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Connects a 2 ½ line to second floor outlet and down to the street
Station FF at hose discharge outlet
Open outlet gate and drain standpipe
Use a plastic or wooden implement to open check/clapper calve and drain remainder of riser
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Same priorities as low rise fires
L.I.P.
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2 battalion chief
4 engine companies
Includes RIC
2 ladder companies
2 paramedic units
2 EC
Includes RIC
1st company actions will determine direction and outcome
Exterior size up
Smoke and flame= automatic 2nd alarm
Designated level II staging from fire building
Ensure adequate water supply
Hydrants, sprinklers, FDC connections
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1 engine and 1 ladder crew with high rise equipment
Enter and obtain information, keys, plans
Observe annunciator
Bring elevators to lobby
Do not use for fires on 6th floor or below
Do not use unless absolutely sure combustion by products will not affect elevator operations
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Select one stairwell for attack and another for evacuation
Proceed to fire floor
Give exact location of fire
Fire extend and ventilation needs
Resources needed
Life safety concerns
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Ensure not used until evacuation complete if smoke handling capable
Sit down if unsure as to use it
Notify building engineer asap
Oxygen delivered can reinforce fire
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Radios- may not work because of construction types
Telephones- secure a lobby phone number
PA system in building
Emergency phone systems
Runners simplex channel on radio
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Best life safety is aggressive fire attack and ventilation
Designate evacuation and firefighting stairwells
Consider occupant mobility
Move occupants from fire floor
Designate elevator monitors
Confine occupants to one stairwell if possible
Move to 3 floors below fire floor or 10 above, designate as “Safe Refuge”
Total evacuation impractical and unnecessary
Search and empty rooms should have M-T tags in place on door-knobs or in jamb
Designate elevator monitors
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Electrical primary energy source
Underground vauts could present problems from water drainage
Separate power control room
Each floor has panel room
Use building engineer or TEPCO
Protect phone lines if possible
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Bring elevators to lobby and shut down all unneeded cars place in fire service mode
When used, full scba required plus an extinguisher, handlight and entry tool
Up elevator designated as number one to take resources up, look up hoistway for fire
Down elevator designate as number two to take resources down
Prior to using, note stairwell locations on base (staging) floor
Up passengers will be in full PPE
Look up shaft for flames or smoke
Stop two floors below fire floor after
Prevent water in hoistway
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Until fire floor is confirmed stairwells will be used
Could take as much as 10 – 20 minutes to reach fire floor- pace yourself
Use exterior wall of smoke tower when climbing. Smoke will be near center
Establish separate firefighting and evacuation stairs
Bring door keys and forcible entry tools
Use wedges to hold open door
Use stop-locks to hold open door latches
Use duct tape to hold open door latches
Keep all unneeded doors closed as well as those searched
Place MT tags where rooms/floors have been searched and found empty
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High rise lay
Command “high rise lay”
Similar equipment as in reverse lay plus 2 hand folds (100’) rappelling bag, extinguisher and high rise pack
Scba donned
High rise pack
Handy folds
Connecting to system
Fire attack
Ventilation
Salvage and overhaul
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Position Responsibilities
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Captain: SCBA, radio, handlight, TIC
FF1: scba, hand folds, forcible entry tools, extinguisher
FF2: scba, handy folds, high rise pack, rope/ rappelling bag
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Wear backpack and mask
Slide regulator hose up through shoulder harness. Do not connect
Wear scba like this until reaching base staging area below fire floor
Wear fully when riding in elevators
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Rappelling equipment
Hose reducer
Door wedge
MT tags
Spanner wrench
Gated wye
Sprinkler stops
Duct tape
Stop lock
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One sections 1 ¾ hose folded in a one person fold
Bound- to permit easier carrying
May use section from wye setup when prepacked handy folds are gone
Break coupling at sections and at wye
Hold nozzle and female
Rotate ½ turn so coupling is on tip
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Stage two floors below fire= base
Connect to outlet one floor below fire floor
Flake hose up stairs from fire floor landing
Second hose should flake down stairs to prevent tangling
Open outlet and charge line
Bleed air prior to entering fire floor
Feel floor, open and wedge
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Resource intensive
4 crews to use one line
Equipment carried to base
Backup line
RIC line
Crew to backup backup line crew
Never abandon lines, have crews ready
Hose stream should be straight streams when water pressure is low or maximum flow is required
Consider hallways, corridors and open areas
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Usually horizontal unless on top floor
Positive pressure in stairwells following evacuation
HVAC only after building engineer notified
Glass
2 types: plate and tempered
Corners & every 50 linear feet should be tempered and marked as such
Break only in coordination with command
Perimeter will be established for plate glass debris
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water/smoke greatest damage
starts floor below fire floor
starts asap
examine concealed spaces (chases) for fire extension beyond fire floor
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