Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
microscopy methods
|
unstained
simple/special stains immunofluorescence electron |
|
|
unstained
|
protozoa/helmeths in fecal matter
bacteria/yeast in vaginal discharge bacteria in urine |
|
|
simple/special stains
|
gram stain - bacterial cell wall info, shape, low sensitivity, CSF, pus
Ziehl-Neelsen stain - the most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria; Bacteria are stained bright red and stand out clearly against a blue background. Mycobacterium spp. |
|
|
immunofluorescence
|
technique allowing the visualization of a specific protein or antigen in cells or tissue sections by binding a specific antibody chemically conjugated with a fluorescent dye such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)
examined under a fluorescene microscope detects RSV, Parainfluenza virus, Legionella, Gardia intestinalis |
|
|
immunoflurescence staining mathods
|
direct immunoflurescence staining in which the primary antibody is labeled with fluorescence dye
indirect immunofluorescence staining in which a secondary antibody labeled with fluorochrome is used to recognize a primary antibody |
|
|
electron microscopy
|
detects many viruses
negative staining technique very high powers |
|
|
culture methods
|
agar - gelantinous substance derived from seaweed, can be mixed with proteins or blood
|
|
|
media types
|
enrichment
selective indicator |
|
|
enrichment media type
|
amplify an organisms growth, may meutralize toxins, useful with streptococcus and haemophililus influenza
|
|
|
selective media type
|
ID one pathogen mixed with others, may have antibiotics mixed, useful with Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella, Neisseria gonorrhea
-blood agar (used in a strep test) becomes transparent in the presence of hemolytic Streptococcus - Hekloen Enteric (HE) which is selective for Gram-negative bacteria - Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is selective for Gram-positive bacteria |
|
|
indicator
|
differential media or indicator media distinguish one microorganism type from another growing on the samne media. Uses the biochemical characteristics of a microorganism growing in the presence of specific nutrients or indicators such as phenol red or methylene blue will visibly indicate the defining characteristics of a microorganism
|
|
|
typing methods
|
biotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, serotyping, bacteriophage, bacteriocin
|
|
|
biotyping
|
specific biochemical reactions, colony morphology, environmental tolerances, rarely has enough discriminatory power for use as the sole epidemiologic marker
|
|
|
antimicrobial susceptibility typing
|
compares profiles of isolates to a panel of antibiotics, problem is that closely related species can acquire new resistances readily
|
|
|
serotyping
|
antibiotics may be raised against a number of bacterial surface structures (e.g. capsule, outer membrane proteins, flagellae); historically, serotyping has been poorly reproducible, but it has improved as monoclonal antibodies are being used
|
|
|
bacteriophage typing
|
type bacteriophage (viruses of bacteria) infect certain strains, but not others; it was the standard means of typing Salmonella and Staph aureus strains until recently; drawbacks; technically tricky, need to maintain a valid stock of phages, many stains mom-typable
|
|
|
bacteriocin typing
|
bacterial toxins uniquely active against some members of a species; has been used for Pseudomonas aeruginosa; same drawbacks as bacteriophage methods bacteriocin
|
