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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
eukaryotes
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nulticellular; nuclear membrane; membrane-bound organelles present; always sterols; 80s=40s+60s; absent or sellulose/chitin; yes-mitosis
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prokaryotes
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single cells; DNA incontact with sytoplasm; no organelles; 70s=30s+50s; peptidoglycan; no-mitosis
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bacteria
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single cell prokaryotes
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viruses
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cannot reproduce on their own
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protozoa
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one-celled eukaryotes
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fungi
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single or multi-cellular eukaryotes
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metazoan
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multi-cellular parasites
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gram rxn
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ability of stain to bin to cell walls; gram +/-
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bacteria shapes
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cocci - spherical
bacilli - rods curved or spiral |
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Cell Wall:
Each bacterium is enclosed by a ridgid cell wall composed of ___________, a protein-sugar (polysaccharide) molecule. The wall gives the cell its ______ and either surrounds the _____________ or is found between _ membrane, protecting it from the _________. it also helps to anchor appendages like the pili and flagella, which originate in the cytoplasm membrane and protrude through the wall to the outside. The strength of the wall is responsible for keeping the cell from ________ when there are large differences in ________ ________ between the cytoplasm and the environment. |
peptidoglycan
shape cytoplasmic membrane 2 environment bursting osmotic pressure |
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Cell Membrane:
Phospholipid bilayer with outer ________ ends and inner _________ core. |
hydrophilic
hydrophobic |
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Capsule:
Some species of bacteria have ____ protective covering, a capsule made up of ____ _____ and ______. Capsules play number of roles, but the most important are to keep the bacterium from _____ and to protect it from __________ by larger microorganisms, The capsule is major ____ factor in the major disease-causing bacteria, such as ____ and ______. |
third
polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) proteins (m-antigen) glycolipids drying out phagocytosis (engulfing) virulence Eschericharia coli Streptocpccus pneumoniae. |
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Viruses are classified by:
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- shape of capsids (protein coat that contains nucleic acid icosahedral/helical)
- presence of absence of envelope (lipids surrounding capsid) - type of nucleic acid (DNA - RNA) - type of attachement (viral attachment proteins) |
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fungi classification:
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cutaneous
systemic immunocompromised hosts |
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protozoa classifications:
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spore forming
flagellates amoeboid cilates |
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spore forming:
Intestinal (spore forming) protozoa: Transmitted either by ____ from person to person or through ________ _____ or ___ by infectious particle called a ______ or oocyst. _________ infections can occur. The most common symptom of infection is ________. |
Cryptosporidium parvum
Isospora belli Cyclospora cayetanenis Enterocytozoan bieneusi Septata intestinalis stool contaminated water food spore oocyst asymtomatic diarrhea |
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flagellates
blood flagellates are transmitted by a vector ________ |
giardia intestinalis, Trichomas
leishmania |
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amoeboid
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entamoeba histolytica
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ciliate
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balantidium (rarely disease causing)
protozoa have a sexual and asexual life cycle with exchange of genetic material diring conjugation may have different stages of life-cycle in different hosts |
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metazoans (helminths) classification:
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nematodes
platyhelminthes |
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nematodes
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roundworms
Azcaris lumbricoides |
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platyhelminths
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flateworms, tapeworms, flukes
Taenia solium Schistosoma mansoni |