Hi300 Final

Front 1

Caliph

Back 1

politicaland and religious successor to Muhammad

Front 2

Abu Bakr

Back 2

one of Muhammad's first followers, scholar of Muslim cultures

Front 3

Jihads

Back 3

holy wars launched to forcibly launched the Muslim faith

Front 4

Copts and Nestorians

Back 4

Members of the Christian sects dominant in these areas had long resented the rule of the ORthodox Byzantines, who taxed them heavily and openly persecuted them as heretics

Front 5

Uthman

Back 5

third caliph murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt.

Front 6

Battle of Siffin

Back 6

Just as Ali was on the verge of defeating the Umayyad forces, Umayyads regrouped their forces and Egypt to the provinces backing their claims.

Front 7

Mu'awiya

Back 7

the new leader of the Umayyads, was proclaimed caliph in Jerusalem, directly challenging Ali's position.

Front 8

Sunnis

Back 8

backed Umayyads

Front 9

Shi'a

Back 9

supporters of Ali

Front 10

Karbala

Back 10

Where Husayn and a small party were overwhelmed and killed. From that point on, the Shi'a mounted sustained resistance to the Umayyad caliphate

Front 11

Damascus

Back 11

political center of community where the Umayyads chose to live after the murder of Uthman

Front 12

mawali

Back 12

Muslim converts from Christianity or Judaism

Front 13

jizya

Back 13

head tax levied on nonbelievers

Front 14

dhimmi

Back 14

people of the book

Front 15

hadiths

Back 15

traditions of the prophet which have played such a critical role in Islamic law and ritual

Front 16

Abbasid

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group who traced its descent from Muhammad;s uncle, al-Abbas, the frontier warriors openly challenged Umayyad armied by 747.

Front 17

Battle of the River Zab

Back 17

d

Front 18

Baghdad

Back 18

Abbasid Era capital

Front 19

wazir

Back 19

chief administrator and head of the caliph's inner councils

Front 20

dhows

Back 20

sailing vessels with lateen sails

Front 21

al-Mahdi

Back 21

third Abbasid calpih

Front 22

Harun al-Rashid

Back 22

extravagent Abassid caliph

Front 23

Buyids

Back 23

armies of one of these regional splinter dynasties invaded the heartlands of the Abbasid Empire and captured Baghdad. Controlled the caliph and the court, control was broken

Front 24

Seljuk Turks

Back 24

Supplanted Buyids. Ruled the remaining portions of the Abbasid Empire in the name of caliphs, staunch Sunnis

Front 25

Crusades

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Front 26

Saladin

Back 26

leader of Muslims in Europe

Front 27

Shah-Nama

Back 27

Book of Kings, history of Persia from the beginnings of time to the Islamic conquests

Front 28

ulama

Back 28

orthodox religious scholars

Front 29

al-Ghazali

Back 29

Islamic theologian struggled to fuse the Greek and Qur'anic traditions

Front 30

Mongols

Back 30

conquered the Tuko-Persian kingdoms in 1220

Front 31

Chinggis Khan

Back 31

leader of Mongols

Front 32

Hulegu

Back 32

grandson of Chinggis Khan

Front 33

Mamluks

Back 33

turkic slaves who then ruled Egypt

Front 34

Muhammad ibn Qasim

Back 34

Arab general conquered Indus valley

Front 35

Mahmud of Ghazni

Back 35

third ruler of Indian muslim dynasty , led a series of expeditions that began nearly two centuries of Muslim raiding and conquest in northern India.

Front 36

Muhammad of Ghur

Back 36

next

Front 37

Qutb-ud-din Aibak

Back 37

next

Front 38

bhaktic cults

Back 38

d

Front 39

Mira Bai

Back 39

poet and song writer

Front 40

Kabir

Back 40

Muslim weaver

Front 41

Shrivijaya

Back 41

far flung trading empire centered on the Strait of Malacca between Malaya and the northeast of Sumatra, was the way open for the widespread expansion of Islam

Front 42

Malacca

Back 42

trading city

Front 43

Demak

Back 43

trading city on Java