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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pax Romana
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The "ROman peace", that is, the state of comparative concord prevailing withing the boundaries of the Roman Empire from the reign of Augustus (27BCE-14CE) to that of Marcus Aurelius (161-180CE), enforced by Roman political and military control
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republic
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A state that is not ruled by a hereditary leader (as in a monarchy) but by a person or persons appointed under the constitution
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patrician
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Born to a family with long-standing residence and prominence in Rome, a patrician was an aristocrat. About seven to ten percent of Rome's population were patricians
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plebeian
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A citizen of ancient Rome who was not a member of the privileged patrician class. Beginning in the later Republican period, the term "plebeian" implied how low social class
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tribune
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In ancient Rome, a plebeian officer elected by the plebeians and charged to protect their lives and properties, with a right to veto against legislative proposals of the Senate
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magistrate
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An official elected by the Senate of Rome to administer the Republic unde tthe supervision of the Senate. There were amny different ranks of magistrates, serving different functions. At the end of their term of office they became senators themselves
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consul
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Unde the Roman Republic, one of the two magitrates holding supreme civil and military authority
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centuries
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The smallest units of the ROman army, each composed of some 100 foot soldiers and commanded by a centurion. A legion was made up of 60 centuries. Centuries also formed political divisions of Romn citizens
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dictator
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A leader elected at a time of crisis by the Senate of Rome for a short term, usually six months, and vested with extraordinary powrrs to deal with the situation
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patron-client relationship
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The patron offers protections and, often, employments, while the client offers obedience, labor, and services in exchange. Sometimes these relationships are formalized under law. More frequently thhey exist in place of law, in situations where legal structures are weak or nonexistent. Patron-client relationships are common throughout world history
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paterfamilias
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The head of a family or household in Roman law-always a male- and the only member to have full legal rights. The paterfamilias had absolute power over his family, which extended to life and death
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publicans or tax farmers
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Collected taxes on behalf of the government, paying in a sum agreed upon, but keeping for themselves any surplus they could extort. THe system was extremely oppressive to those who were taxed
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bread and circuses
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Proisions by the government of free food and entertainment, designed to divert the masses, and especially the poor masses, from engaging in political action
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Caesar Augustus
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"Caesar" and "Augustus" are both titles of the emperor Octavian. Caesar means ruler or emperor. The word comes down to the present in the title czar or tsar. Augustus means dignified, even majestic. It was sometimes used in place of Octavian's given name. The words could also be reversed as Caesar Augustus or Augustus Caesar
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triumvirate
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Literally, an association of three strong men. An unofficial coalition of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed in 60BCE. After Caesar's murder in 44BCE, a triumvirate including his heir Octavian (later Augustus), Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus was appointed to maintain public order
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praetor
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In ancient ROme, the name was originally applied to the consul as leader of an army. In 366BCE, a further praetor was elected with special responsibility for the administration of justice in Rome, with the right of military command. Further praetors were subsequently appointed to administer the increasing number of provinces
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