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10 Cards in this Set
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Punic Wars was the conflict between the Romans and the Carthaginians over Sicily, the most important source of grain in the western Mediterranean.
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264-146 BCE in Western Mediterranean (Sicily)
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Roman forces conquered the city, burned much of it to the ground and forced 50,000 survivors into slavery.
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Pater Familias, or "father of the family", is the practice that the eldest male rules the household.
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Established in Early Rome, prior to the Roman expansion in the Mediterranean during the third century BCE.
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The Roman law gave the paterfamilias authority to arrange marriages for his children, determine the work or duties they would perform, and punish them for offenses as he saw fit. He had rights also to sell them into slavery and even to execute them.
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Pope Leo III conducted religious services that Charlemagne attended while campaigning.
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Christmas Day in 800 BCE, Italy.
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He proclaimed Charlemagne emperor and placed an imperial crown on his head.
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Hagia Sophia, or "holy wisdom" is a church built by Emperor Justinian, and was his most notable construction project.
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It was built between 532 - 537 BCE in Instanbul, Turkey.
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It was later turned into a mosque by Ottoman conquerors and ranks as one of the world's most important examples of Christian architecture.
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Vijayanagar, or the "city of victory" is based in the northern Deccan.
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It was established in 1336 in southern India.
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Brothers Harihara and Bukka renounced Islam, returned to their Hindu faith, and pronounced the establishment of an independent empire of Vijayanagar.
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Hajj, or the holy pilgrimage for Muslims, was started when Muhammad visited his native city of Mecca from his home in exile at Medina.
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It began in 632 CE.
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Hundreds of thousands of Muslims are drawn to Saudi Arabia for the pilgrimage and make lavish gifts to caravan companions and others en route to Mecca.
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Ibn Rushd, also known as Averroes, was the most notable Muslim philosopher who turned his attention more to Aristotle than to Plato.
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12th and 13th Centuries, CE, in Western Europe
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Rushd followed Aristotle in seeking to articulate a purely rational understanding of the world. He helped to shape Islamic philosophy and his thinking found its way to schools and universities. His reliance on natural reason went too far for many Muslims, who placed more value on the revelations of the Quran than on the fruits of human logic.
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Missi dominici, or "envoys of the lord ruler", was the group of imperial officials instituted by Charlemagne in an effort to keep the counts under control.
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They were established during Charlemagne's reign in the court and capital at Aachen (in modern Germany).
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The missi dominici travelled annually to all jurisdictions and reviewed the accounts of local authorities.
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Mahmud of Ghazni was the leader of the Turks in Afghanistan.
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He was a ruler in Afghanistan and between 1001 and 1027 he mounted seventeen raiding expeditions into India.
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Mahmud built the capital of Ghazni and supported historians, mathematicians, and literary figures at his court.
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Foot binding is the practice of tightly wrapping a young girl's foot with strips of cloth that prevented the natural growth of the bones and resulted in tiny, malformed, curved feet.
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It spread widely during the Song era in China.
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It prevented women from walking easily or naturally, needing canes and sometimes servants to carry them around in litters. Families bound their daughters feet to enhance their attractiveness and gain control over their behavior. Like the practice of veiling women in Mediterranean and Muslim lands, foot binding placed women under tight supervision of their husbands, or other male guardians, who then managed the womens' affairs in the interests of the larger family.
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