Hi-Yield Compendium Section 16.0 - 17.0

Front 1

Pemphigus

Back 1

Male > female
The antibodies cause loss of attachment between keratinocytes (epidermal cells of the skin) and fluid fills within the spaces, resulting in vesicles.

Front 2

Pemphigoid

Back 2

Bullous pemphigoid, makred by tense bullae filled with clear fluid. Occurs in older/elderly patient population, can heal without a scar. Antibodies develop against adhesion sites between basal cells and basement membrane, this causes loss of attachment, fluid fills the area, lifting the entire cutaneous epithelial layer from its basement membrane - bullae are the result.

Front 3

Impetigo

Back 3

Usually due to streptococcus pyognes or staphylococcus aureus. Vesicles/bullae --> pustules --> rupture --> crusted skin lesions. Usually on hands or face.

Front 4

Pityriasis

Back 4

pityriasis rosea is a rash often preceded by a herald patch. The rash is oval to round plaques with surrounding scale, most often on trunk; spares palms and soles, axis of trails usually in skin folds. Often takes on a christmas treet pattern. Self-limited, resolving in 2-8 weeks.

Front 5

Rosacea

Back 5

Chronic disease of nose, forehead, cheeks. Get erythema, telangiectasia, and superficial pustules, facial flushing. Exacerbated by heat, stress, emotional stimuli, EtOH, hot drinks, and spicy foods. Long-standing, unremitting rosacea leads to connective tissue overgrowth, particularly of the nose. Increased occurrence of keratitis, iritis, chalazions

Front 6

Tinea versicolor

Back 6

Hyperpigmented or hypopigmented scaly patches on the trunk. Promoted by heat and humidity. Microscopically: mixture of hyphae and spores (spaghetti and meatballs) appearance.

Front 7

Psoriasis

Back 7

Sharply demarcated, erythematous plaques with thick scale. Primarily affects elbows, knees, and scalp.

Front 8

Seborrheic dermatitis

Back 8

Common, chronic disorder. Bimodal distribution. Neonates and adults are at highest risk. Greasy scales over erythematous patches or plaques. #1 location i on the scalp. May also affect eyebrows, eyelids, glabella, ears. May cause pruritis and burning. If evident in a neonate = cradle cap. Very common in those with Parkinson's, history of CVA, or HIV.

Front 9

Eczema

Back 9

Dermatitis, final common expression of atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and related disorders. Erythematous papules and macules, and vesicles, coalesce to form patches and plaques, may progress to weeping, crusting, and or thickened scale.

Front 10

Xanthoma

Back 10

Cholesterol accumulations within the dermis.

Front 11

Capillary hemangioma

Back 11

#1 type of hemangioma. The 'ordinary birthmark" = "salmon patch" = "stork bite". Closely packed capillaries, regresses spontaneously.
Other type: strawberry hemangiomas. Develops in 1-3 year olds, but regresses by age 7.

Front 12

Cavernous hemangioma

Back 12

Also known as port wine stain. Usually occurs ont he face. Large, dilated vascular channels. Associated with sturge-weber, a congential disease with faulty mesoderm and ectoderm development, resulting in hemangiomas associated with the meninges, leading to seizures.

Front 13

Cafe au lait

Back 13

light brown macules with smooth border over nerve trunks.

Front 14

Vitiligo

Back 14

Asymptomatic, flat, non-pigmented macules. Due to anti-melanocyte Abs. Usually seen in ghier association with pernicious anemia, addison's, and/or autoimmune thyroiditis.

Front 15

Lentigo

Back 15

Opposite of vitiligo in terms of appearance. Benign, localized hyperplasia of melanocytes, yielding small, oval, tan macules. "liver spots"

Front 16

Cadmium toxin

Back 16

Source: welding, paints, pigments, signs and symptoms of acute poisoning: metallic taste, NVD, increased salivation, kidney and liver damage.

Front 17

Cobalt toxin

Back 17

Source: vitamin B12 intoxication, drilling/milling metals, labs. If there is an acute ingestion and stomach is lavaged, pink gastric lavage is collected. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the long-term outcome.

Front 18

Lead toxin

Back 18

source: paints, especially brightly coloed ones, toys painted outside of the us, fishing sinkers, exposed surfaces of homes near highways and heavy urban areas, old plumbing. Signs and symptoms of chronic exposure: microcytic anemia, irritability, insomnia, decreased IQ, behavioral and attention problems, wine urine, burton's lines, renal tubular acidosis, lead lines in long bones, lead spots on KUB.

Front 19

Mercury toxin

Back 19

Source: glass thermometers, labs, thimerosal, fish contaiminated by methyl mercury. Signs and symptoms of low-level, chronic exposure: insomnia, wine urine, colitis, black feces, grey skin, burton's lines, porximal tubular necrosis, paresthesias, tremors, ataxia, blindness.
Signs and symptoms of severe acute exposure: metallic taste, vomiting, dyspnea, cough, bleeding gums and bleeding diarrhea, burning in stomach and throat.

Front 20

Arsenic

Back 20

Source: groundwater or intentional poisoning Victim has garlic smel on breath.
Signs and symptoms of acute poisoning: garlic breath, rash, anxiety, extreme diaphoresis, extreme salivation, colitis, death within a short period of time.
Signs and symptoms of chronic exposure: skin cancers, lung cancers, kidney cancers, cirrhosis, peripheral vascular disease, microcytic anemia, diabetes mellitus, blindness, mood disorders.

Front 21

Asbestos

Back 21

Insulation, railroad work, shipyards, automotive plants. Chronic exposure may lead to asbestosis, some persons will develop mesothelioma and you will see apical pleural thickening on chest xray before mesothelioma development

Front 22

aromatic amines

Back 22

from red and yellow food dyes, hair dyes, tobacco smoke. Chronic exposure may lead to bladder cancer.

Front 23

benzene

Back 23

source: research and chemical manufacturing labs, signs and symptoms of acute poisoning: oliguria, insomnia, cns depression. Signs and symptoms of chronic exposure: wine urine, severe bone marrow damage.

Front 24

chromium

Back 24

source: incinerators, work in metallurgy and welding paints, road dust, tattooing, and ingestion of the dietary supplment known as chromium picolinate. Signs and symptoms of acute poisoning: anuria and inevitable death.
Signs and symptoms of chronic exposure: lung cancer.

Front 25

vinyl chloride

Back 25

pvc-packaged foods, refrigerants, workers in vinyl chloride manufacturing plants. Signs and symptoms of acute poisoning: headache, nausea, liver damage. signs and smptoms of recurrent exposure: portal vein fibrosis. Sin and symptoms of chronic exposure: malignant neoplasm arising from endothelium of blood vessels in the liver: angiosarcoma.

Front 26

alpha-amanitin

Back 26

source: toadstools and poison mushrooms. Signs and symptoms of acute poisoning: diarrhea nd cramping withing 24-48 hours, then no symptoms until 4th or 5th day, whereupon ther eis complete renal and hepatic failure. By the 7th day, most patients die.

Front 27

CO

Back 27

Source: combustion, home heaters, car exhaust, etc. signs and symptoms of acute poisoning: cherry red lips, extremem anxiety followed by stupor and often death.

Front 28

Cyanide

Back 28

Source: smoke inhalation from burning rubber or plastic. Scent of bitter almonds is appreciated on autopsy. signs and symptoms of acute poisoning: RAPID weakness, confusion, excessive sleepiness, then coma, seizure, and death.