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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Byzantine Empire?
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- the eastern half of old Roman empire
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Who is Emperor Justinian?
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- makes Justinian code
- tries to restore old roman empire - christian emperor creates one faith |
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___________ - a set of laws created by Justinian created for the empire
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- Justinian Code
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_______ a famous church that Justinian built.
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- Hagia Sophia
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How does Islam differ from Christianity?
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- claims that Jesus was a prophet
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Who is Muhammad?
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- Allah's (Islam god) final prophet
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What is "People of the Book?"
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- title for Christians that Muslims gave them.
- Muslim's tolerant for Christians |
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What is a wergild?
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- honor price
- pay for killing someone for compensation - prevents blood feud |
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Who defeated Muslims at the Battle of Tours.
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- Charles Martel
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What was Charles Martel's nickname and what was his job?
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- Charles the Hammer
- Mayor of Palace (2nd in command in Merovingian kingdom) |
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What/Who is Charlemagne?
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- unites Germanic peoples into single empire
- converts everyone into Christianity - called emperor and Augustus |
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Who were the royal messengers and what did they do?
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- Missi Dominici
- keep eye on count |
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____________ - divides Charlemagne's empire between grandsons into 3 pieces
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- Treaty of Verdun
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What are 4 characteristics of the vikings?
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- used long-ships
- attacked monasteries - settled in England (Danelaw) - tried to take slaves and plunder |
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Who is Alfred the Great and what does he do?
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- King of Wessex
- stops Vikings from taking over all of England |
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________ - political/social system between the Lords and Vassals
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- Feudalism
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Who were the Lords and Vassals?
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- Lords give gifts to Vassals
- Vassals give services to the Lords |
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___________ - contract that describes gifts the Lords gives Vassals and services Vassals give to Lords
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- Oath of Fealty
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___________ - economic/social system. Lords provide protection for peasants and peasants work the land for the Lords. Have a 3 field crop rotation that helps crops grow.
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- Manorial system
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___________ - rise of towns and cities. Revivals of trade and universites
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- Commercial revolution
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___________ - using reason to understand God and His truths/
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- Scholasticism
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Who was the father of English Common Law?
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- King Henry II
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_______ increases the number of services that nobles have to provide. Changes terms of oath of fealty.
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- John I
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_______ - king must follow the law too.
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- Magna Carta
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What is the Great Schism of 1054?
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- church splits into Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodoxy
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__________ - Who gives bishop authority: King or Pope?
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- Investiture Controvery
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What is the Concordat of Worms?
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- King can give Bishop land and Pope gives authority
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What are characteristics of the Fourth Lateran Council?
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- church controls marriage
- go to mass once a year - do confession - no tolerance of Jews (wear badges) - war on heresy |
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What was the crusade of the Cathars?
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- Albigensian Crusade
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What did the Cathars believe?
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- man must be perfected to go to heaven or you get reincarnated
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What is the First Crusade?
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- Alexis I
- Muslims are getting too close to Constantinople. - Calls for Christian knights/mercenaries to come attack Muslims |
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What does Pope Urban change and what does he promise?
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- Changes call to fight into a spiritual fight
- Promises indulgences to those who fight |
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What is the People's Crusade?
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- peasants who go on a crusade
- Jewish massacres - not successful - led by Peter the Hermit |
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Who was the People's Crusade led by?
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- Peter the Hermit
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What did Peter the Hermit lead?
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- the People's Crusade
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Who protected Pilgrims in Jerusalem?
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Knights Templar
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Who is Saladin?
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- defeats crusaders at Battle of Hattin and captures
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Who is in the Third Crusade?
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- Fredrick Barbosa (German)
- Phillip Augustus (French) - Richard Lionheart (England) |
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What is the Fourth Crusade?
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- ends up attacking Christian cities for Phoenicians
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What are some characteristics of the Black Death?
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- attack on Jews
- lack of Priests - social chaos - lack of trade - political problems like peasant problems |
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Why were they rebelling in the English Peasants' Rebellion of 1381?
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- because of the new pole tax
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Why did the Hundreds Year War start?
Who wins? |
- succession controversy over the throne of France
- English king has a claim - doesn't get kingship -King Philip is in place - Philip takes Edwards land - France |
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What was Joan of Arc's role in the Hundreds Year War?
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- hears voices of saints
- fights in battle and wins - dresses like a man - she's captured and burned alive at the stake as a heretic |
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What is another name for the Avignon Papacy?
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- Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy
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Where are the popes living during the Avignon Papacy?
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- Avignon, France
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What is the problem with the Avignon Papacy?
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- people sees Popes as Vassals of French King
- terrible public relations - campaign disaster |
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What is the Western Schism (1378-1415)? What separates?
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- 3 claiming to be Pope
- roman 2 rival Popes |
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What does the Council of Constance end? How?
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- The Western Schism
- by putting one guy in charge, deals with matter like heresy - burns John Hus at stake |
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What are some things about John Wycliffe?
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- translates Bible into English
- has followers called lollards - says that you don't have to go the the Pope to confess - religious leaders should stay out of politics |
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Who were the Lollards?
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- John Wycliffe's followers
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What is significant about John Hus?
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- burned alive at the Council of Constance
- reformer |
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____________ - ordinary people trying to live a more spiritual life.
Movement of laity. |
- Devotio Moderna Movement
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Who are an example of the Devotio Moderna Movement? How are they unique?
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- Brothers (and sisters) of the Common Life
- live in community, different from monks and nuns because they don't take vows. |
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What was Johannes Gutenberg's claim to fame?
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- the printing press
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What is Italian Humanism?
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- shift towards studying humanity using reason and classical philosophy
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What is Christian Humanism? What does it add?
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- still wants to understand humanity, study classical philosophy.
- wants to study early Christian church fathers |
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Who wrote "The Prince?" and what does he argue?
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- Niccolo Machiavelli
- politics must match reality |
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___________ - a christian humanist who publishes a new testament in Greek. His view of church leadership - critically, wants to reform them. Not a protestant!
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- Desiderius Erasmus
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What are the main points of Martin Luther's theology?
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- justification by faith alone
- predestination - priesthood of all believers (go to God directly) - scripture as ultimate authority - against indulgences |
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What are the Anabaptists claim to fame?
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- adult baptism and pacifists for the most part
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How does John Calvin's theology differ from Martin Luther's?
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- double predestination
- no bishops (ministers and elders) - simplistic - strong emphasis on more behavior |
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Who is Henry VII associated with? What does he become?
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- Act of Supremacy
- head of the England church |
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What is the inquisition and whom does it target?
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- catholic responses Protestants
- targets protestants and puts them on trial before the inquisition |
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Who are the Jesuits or the Society of Jesus?
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- they send missionaries and build schools
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_________ - lists out all the major beliefs of the Catholics
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- Council of Trent
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_______________ - the bread and the wine turn into Jesus' body.
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- Transubstantiation
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