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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The improper closure of the mitral valve
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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The thickest layer of the heart and is responsible for pumping blood. It is referred to as the muscle of the heart
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Myocardium
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The outermost layer of the heart
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Epicardium
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Separates the RIGHT and LEFT ventricles
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Interventricular Septum
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Interarterial Septum
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Separates the RIGHT and LEFT atriums
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Name the 2 regions of the heart
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1. The right side of the heart- pumps deoxygenated or very low oxygenated blood to the lungs.
Also called the pulmonary circuit 2. The left side of the heart- pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body Also called the systemic circuit |
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Name the 4 chambers of the heart
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1. Right Atrium- receives deoxygenated blood returning from body tissues
2. Left Atrium- receives oxygenated blood from the lungs 3. Right Ventricle- pumps blood received from right atrium to lungs to be oxygenated. 4. Left Ventricle-pumps the blood from left atrium which is oxygenated to all parts of the body |
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The name of the finger like projections in the ventricles?
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Papillary muscles
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What are Chordae tendinae?
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Fibrous threads both tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve are attached by these fibrous threads to the muscles in the wall of the ventricles
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Name the 4 valves of the heart
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Tricuspid valve (A.V)
Bicuspid Valve or Mitral Valve (A.V.) Pulmonic Valve or Pulmonary Valve (S.L.) Aortic Valve (S.L.) |
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Blood Flow
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1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium 3. Tricuspid Valve 4. Right Ventricle 5. Pulmonary Valve 6. Pulmonary Artery 7. Lungs 8. Pulmonary Veins 9. Left Atrium 10. Bicuspid or Mitral Valve 11. Left Ventricle 12. Aortic Valve 13. Aorta |
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Heart Sounds
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due to the vibrations in the blood caused by the valves closing.
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What is a murmur?
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Abnormal heart sound
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The Return of Blood to the Heart
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1. Blood from the extremities is pushed toward the heart by contractions of skeletal muscles which compress the veins and force the blood to move forward
2. Breathing- inhalation flattens the diaphragm and puts pressure on the large abdominal veins. Expansion of the chest causes pressure to drop in the chest. Together these actions help push and pull blood throughout the body and return it to the heart. |
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Carry blood away from the heart to body tissue
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Systemic Arteries
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The Blood Supply to the Myocardium
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2 Coronary Arteries
1. Right Coronary Artery 2. Left Coronary Artery Circumflex Artery Great Cardiac Vein Interventricular Sulcus |
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a diagonal groove located between the two ventricles of the heart. Along this groove lies the:
1. Anterior Interventricular Artery 2. Great Cardiac Vein |
Interventricular Sulcus
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The conduction system has 2 phases
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1. Systole = contraction
2. Diastole = relaxation |
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Diastole
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relaxation
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To initiate an impulse. The Pacemaker. This impulse travels through the atrial myocardium and causes the atriums to contract simultaneously
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Sinoatrial Node
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A.V. located in the floor of the right atrium. Conducts impulses, which allows time for the atrium to finish the contraction phase.
The A.V. node will then pass the impulse on to the bundles and branches to stimulate the ventricles to contract. |
Atrioventricular Node
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Angina
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A DECREASE blood flow through these arteries induces attacks of angina= cramplike choking feeling which is due to lack of oxygen to the myocardium
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Blood vessels that bend or wind around the heart
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Circumflex Artery
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Contraction
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Systole
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Drains blood through the capillaries of the myocardium
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Great Cardiac Vein
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Exits the heart via the right ventricle as a single trunk but branches into the:
-Right pulmonary artery -Left pulmonary vein |
Pulmonary Artery
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To circulate blood throughout the body. It begins and ends with the heart
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Circulatory System
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What transports the blood?
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Blood vessels
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Blood contains the following 4 things?
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Oxygen
Nutrients Carbon Dioxide Waste |
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3 Categories of Blood Vessels
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Arteries
Veins Capillaries |
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Carry blood AWAY from the heart
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Arteries
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Carry blood to the heart
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Veins
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Connect branches of arteries and branches of veins
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Capillaries
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Small arteries away from the heart are called?
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Arteioles
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Small veins far away from the heart are called?
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Venules
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Carry blood from the heart to the lungs
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Pulmonary Arteries
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Name the 4 major arteries
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Ascending Aorta
Aortic Arch Thoracic Aorta Abdominal Aorta |
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To supply blood to the myocardium layer of the heart?
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Ascending Aorta
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To supply blood to the head, neck, arm, face, scalp, pharynx, brain, larynx, shoulder, hand, fingers
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Aortic Arch
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To supply to the thoracic wall muscles, bronchi, respitory tract, pericardium = layer of the heart, esophagus, and diaphragm.
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Thoracic Aorta
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To supply blood to the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, small and large intestine, kidneys, gonads=ovaries/testes, lower extremities, urinary muscles, leg muscles, knee, foot, and ankle.
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Abdominal Aorta
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Carry blood from body tissue to the heart
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Systemic Veins
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Carry blood from the lungs to the heart
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Pulmonary Veins
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To drain blood from head, neck, arm, brain, face, scalp, shoulders, thoracic wall, abdominal wall. (Goes to heart in chamber).
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Superior Vena Cava
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To drain blood from liver, digestive tract, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, kidneys, gonads=ovaries/testes, pelvic muscle, urinary muscle, lower extremities. (Goes to heart)
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Inferior Vena Cava
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6 Major Veins
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Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava Right and Left Internal Jugular Vein Right and Left External Jugular Vein |
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Name the 4 Jugular Veins
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Right and Left Internal Jugular Vein
Right and Left External Jugular Vein |
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To drain blood from brain and face
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Right and Left Internal Jugular Vein
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To drain blood from skin, muscles of face, scalp, and neck
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Right and Left External Jugular Vein
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To keep blood flowing in one direction TO the HEART
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venous valves
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The vein becomes dilated (enlarged) and twisted and accumulates blood. The blood pooling can cause blood clot. SYMPTOMS: low blood pressure, edema, leg warmer to the touch.
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Varicose Veins
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The smallest of blood vessels and the most numerous.
They are located between the arterioles and venules This is where gas exchange occurs |
Capillaries
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4 Circulation Types
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1. Coronary Circulation
2. Pulmonary Circulation 3. Hepatic Circulation 4. Cerebral Circulation |
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Blood flow between the heart and the layers of the heart
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Coronary Circulation
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Circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs back to the heart
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Pulmonary Circulation
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Circulation of blood from the heart to the liver back to the heart
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Hepatic Circulation
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Circulation of blood from the heart to the brain back to the heart
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Cerebral Circulation
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The heart is a muscular pump that provides the force necessary to circulate blood to all the tissues of the body
The normal adult heart pumps about 5 liters of blood every minute. (The size of the heart varies with the size of an individual. The average size of an adult heart is the size of a closed fist. 9 cm wide 12 cm long |
The heart is a muscular pump that provides the force necessary to circulate blood to all the tissues of the body
The normal adult heart pumps about 5 liters of blood every minute. (The size of the heart varies with the size of an individual. The average size of an adult heart is the size of a closed fist. 9 cm wide 12 cm long |
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The inner layer of the heart
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Endocardium
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