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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the method of talking to others: you rephrase the person's comments to show you understand
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reflective listening
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parents use indirect methods and modeling to influence their child's behavior.
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nuturing parenting style
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parents are sometimes athoritarian and sometimes permissive, depending to some extent on the parents mood.
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authoritative parenting style
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parents have little or no control over their children and refrain forn disciplinary measures.
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permissive parenting style
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parents strive complete control over their chidren's behavior by establishing complex sets of rules.
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authoritarian parenting style
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groups known for certain values , attitudes, or activities.
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crowds
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a subgroup within a culture in this case a social culture.
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subculture
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the belief that homosexuality is the result of experiences form significant others.
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learning theory of homosexuality
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freud's theory that if a child's first sexual feeling about the parent of the opposite sex are strongly punished, the child may develop a permanent homosexual orientation.
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psychoanalytic theory of homosexuality
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the theory that some factor in a person's DNA affects temperament, which affects sexual orientation.
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biopsychosocial theory of homsexuality
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an outbreak of genital sores, it is curable
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genital herpes
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infection that often results from chlamydia or gonorrhea and frequently causes prolonged problems, including infertilly.
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pelvis imfammatory disease
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well know veneral infection
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gonorrhea
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bacterial infection may cause infertility
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chlamydia
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a viral infection transmitted through sex or shared needles
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hepatitis b
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a STD that presents a great danger in that in its early stage there are no symptoms. it untreated, can be fatal.
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syphilis
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gangs can become a vehicle for tearing their members away form the main _______ ______ of society.
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social structure
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gangs can be cohesive because of their funtion as a _______ _________ for adolescents with strong depenency needs.
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family substitute
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some of the function of gangs include protection, recognition of desire to feel wanted, rites of passage taht mark ____________ , status, and acceptance.
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achievement
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in general, the study by johnston and associates found a slight ____________ in abuse of substances in recent years.
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decrease
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contrary to the stereotypes, most teenagers who become pregnant had been in a relationship for at least ______ ________
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six months
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early coitus had been found to be highly associated with three adverse conditions: __________, __________, and _______________ ____ ___________.
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STDs, pregnancies, abnormal pap smears
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the largest increase in the pregnancy rate is occuring among those under the age of _________
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15
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studies show that the age group at the greatest risk for sexually trasmitted infections is ___________
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adolescent
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other sexually trasmitted infections include, PID, syphilis, genital herpes, and hepatitis b.
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gonorrhea
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considering some of te reasons for adolescent sexual activity, it is not surprising that nearly 70 percent of twelfth graders report having had ____________ _________.
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sexual intercourse
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rather taht talking to __________ about sexual abuse, teens choose to talk with friends or tell no one at all.
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parents
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it is estimated that by the end of adolescence, more than 80 percent of boys and ________ percent of girls will have been sexually active.
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70
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currently the three theories that attempt to explain homosexuality include psychoanalytic theory, _____________ theory, and the biopsychosocial theory of homosexuality.
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learning
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whereas peers teach adolescents about social relationships outside the famiy, adults provide a source of guidance in forming ___________ and setting goals.
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values
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the influences of peer group serve important social and __________ functions.
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psychological
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girls from _________ __________ ___________ are more likely to leave home after high school than peers.
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single parent families
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the three styles of parenting most often identified by researchers are authoritarian, permissive, and ___________.
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autoritative
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divorce tends to occur most often in families with a newborn and second in families with an _________
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adolescent
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in study on parenting styles in which at least one of the adolescents in a family was highly creative, parents were found to employ a style of parenting called __________
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nuturing
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within families that experience divorce, there are some interesting gender differences. divorce generally has more adverse effects on _________ than on __________.
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boys, girls
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five funtions that were provides by the famiy were now provided elsewhere: education, religious, recreational, medical, and __________.
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economic
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what reason is cited in the text for why there may be a decline in early sexual activity?
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concern about AIDS and other STDs
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the first stage of sexuality
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is autosexuality
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the genetic theory of homosexuality claims that
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persons born with a predispositioncan be influenced by the environment to either select or avoid homosexuality.
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although he has a girlfriend, steve wants to prove to his friends that he can "score" with a number of different girls in school. steve's nonsexual motive for sex is to
a. get affection b. comfirm his masculinity c. ensure fidelity of his girlfriend d. obtain greater self-esteem |
confirm his masculinity
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a female who "acts out" by running away, engaging in sexual promiscuity, or damaging her school performance may be a victim of
a. drug abuse b. peer pressure c. extreme lonliness d. sexual abuse |
sexual abuse
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the CDC estimates how many people in the united sates are currently infected with the inital virus of AIDS?
a. 50000 b. 10000 c. 500000 to 600000 d. 1 to 1.5 million |
1 to 1.5 million
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itravenous drug users, homosexual men, and inner-city neterosexuals are grouped most at risk for contracting
a. syphilis b. genital herpes c. hepatitis b d. gonorrhea |
hepatitis b
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situations that cause us to make major decisions about our identity.
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identiy crisis
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onset of menstruation
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menarche
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one of the triggering mechanisms of puberty that may be used to indicate the onset of adolescence.
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hormonal balance
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to solve problems that have only one correct answer, we are using
a. divergent thinking b. convergent thinking c. creative thinking d. critical thinking |
convergent thinking
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according to john hill's biopsychosocial theory,which three factors are most involved?
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biological, psychosocial, and social
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when teens believe they are being scruntinized for thier behavior and physical appearance they are
a. egoncentric b. creating an imaginary audience c. creating a personal fable d. exaggerating their abilites and skills |
creating an imaginary audience
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new ideas: creative thinking:: existing ideas: _________.
a. convergent thinking b. critical thinkin c. divergent thinking d. preoperational thinking |
critical thinking
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ann freud sees adolescence as a time to restore the delicate balance between the ego and the id, and sees ________ and intellectualization as two defense mechanisms unique to the period.
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asceticism
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the phrase " identity crisis" is associatied with the theorist ______ _______ and is his fifth stage of development.
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erik erikson
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striving toward a state of identity means commiting to one lifestyle and repudiating (giving up) all the other possibilities, at least for the present.
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repudiation
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marcid's four aspects of identity formation
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identity status
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the stages of pubertal change occuring at times that are within the normal range of occurance.
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normal range of development
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the period of adolescence when growth is at its fastest.
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maximum growth spurt
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the process of physical and mental development due to physiology
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maturation
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binge eating and inappropiate compersatory methods to prevent weight gain.
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bulimia nervosa
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the reversion to the self- cetered thinking patterns of childhood and sometimes occurs in the teen years.
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adolescent egocentrism
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identity status is achieved through crises and commitment in four stages: identity confusion, identity forclosure, identity _______, and identity achievement .
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moratorium
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marcia believes that to attain a mature identity, a person must undergo several crises in choosing from life alternatives and come to a _____ in his/her choices.
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commitment
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james hill was the first to see that causations of adolescent changes are always embedded in the intricate interactions among _________ __________, and __________ forces.
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biological, psychological, social
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graber and brooks-gunn hold that the precursors and outcomes of a variety of transitions are one kind of ______ ________ ________.
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transition-linked turning point
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lerner characterized the adolescent transition as being distinguished by four traits: relative plasticity, historical embeddedness, diversity, and individual difference, and ________.
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relationism
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g.s. hall, the father of adolescent pychology saw child development parelleling the development of the human race, with adolescence being a time both of civilization and of storm and _______
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stress
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puberty is a relatively abrut and qualitatively different set of physical changes in boys and girls that usually occurs at the beginning of the________years.
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teen
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although there is rather a wide normal range of development as relates to the onset of puberty, early,or late maturing childern can be affected socially and________.
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psychologically
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_____maturing boys are often peer groups leaders.
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early
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one hundred years ago the average maturing girl was physcially much like the late maturing girl today. this phenomenon is called _____ _____.
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secular trend
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_____ _____ is a syndrome is self-starvation characterized, in part, by intense fear of becoming obese, disturbance of the body image, and significant weight loss.
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anorexia nervosa
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inexploring coginative development, we examine Piaget's four stages of cognative development: sensorimotor, preoperational,______ operational,and formal operational.
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concrete
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formal operational mean that a person can form ______ mental operations.
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abstract
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Elkind presents the concepts of aldolescent egocentrism which includes an ____ _____ and the personal fable.
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imaginary audience
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thinking skills can be seperated into convergent (coming together with a single correct answer) and _____(exploring the many possible answers to a questions).
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divergent
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David Feldman calims that some children are precocious (doing what others do, but a younger age), while other children are______ (having a qualitatively greater ability than thr rest of us).
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prodigious
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_____ ________ is sometimes typified by withdrawal from reality.
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identity confusion
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which of the following is part of the male reproductive system?
a. fimbrie b. vas deferens c. cevix d. ova |
vas deferens
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what controls the sexual characteristics in both males and females?
a. pituitary gland b. bartholin's glands c. cowper's glands d. epididymis |
pitutary gland
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what marks the onset of puberty?
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no single event marks the onset of puberty
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adolescents who are dependent and child like,who feel a growing dislike for their bodies, and who become more introverted and self rejecting because of it are likely to be.
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late maturing females
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the identity status in which numerous crises have been experienced and resolved and relatively permanents commitments have been made is called___.
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a. identity moratoriam
b. identity achievement c. foreclosed identity d. confused identity |
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the decreasing age of the onset of puberty is referred to as
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a. early physical maturation
b. early psychological maturity c. the evolutionary trend d. the secualar trend |
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one of the traits by which lerner characterized the adolescent transition is
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a. independance
b. eatinbg disorder c. relative plasticity d. negative body image |
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from the standpoint of adolescence, the most important of Erikson's eight stages if the ______stage.
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a. identity
b. autonmy c. intimacy d. industry |
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what occurs during Piaget's formal operational stage?
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concrete operational combine to become formal operations
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one of the critisms of Piaget's theory of cognitve develpoment is that it
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does not account for culture and gender influences
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to think of oneself in heroic or mythical terms is known as
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a. egocentrism
b. imaginary audience c. the personal fable d. invincibility |
