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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is HTN? |
A condition in which arterial blood pressure is chronically elevated |
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What is optimal, normal and severe high blood pressure? |
Systolic Diastolic <120 <80 <130 - 139 <85 - 89 140 - > 180 90 - > 110 |
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Causes for HTN |
Unknown in 95% Related factors are: renal dysfunction, endothielial dysfunction, autonomic tone etc. Ethnicity: black Africans and Japanese 40-60% genetic factors Environmental, high salt intake, heavy alcohol intake, obesity, lack of exercise Stress |
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Causes of Secondary HTN |
In 5% cases the cause is: Alcohol Obesity Pregnancy Renal disease Drugs: contraceptive, steroid, NSAIDs Coarctation of aorta Endocrine disease: Cushings syndrome, Phaeochromocytoma, thyroxicosis, Conn's syndrome |
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Clinical features of HTN |
No specific symtpoms history and lifestyle Drug and alcohol use Examination - radio-femoral delay (coarctation of aorta), enlarged kidneys (polycystic kidney disease), abdominal bruits (renal artery stenosis). central obesity. Non-specific finding: L ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal (4th) heart sound, optic fundi- abnormal |
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List organs damaged by HTN |
Blood vessels - aortic aneurysm and disection CNS - hypertensive encephalopathy, stroke Retina - hypertensive retinopathy Heart - HF, cardiomegaly, atrial fibrillation Kidneys - renal failure, hypertensive nephropathy |
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Investigations for HTN |
Uriunalysis for blood - glucose and protein Blood urea HDL cholesterol 12-lead ECG BP recording Echocardiogram Assess kidneys for nephropathy Diabetes Mellitus Ventricular hypertrophy Tumour of adrenal glands |
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HTN management |
Lifestyle changes, diet changes, restricting salt intake, regular exercise, smoking cessation Drugs: Antihypertensives |
