Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
219 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Tricuspid
|
Right
|
|
|
Bicuspid
|
Left
|
|
|
Kidney Functional Unit
|
Nephron
|
|
|
Transverse
|
cross section, top/bottom
|
|
|
Median
|
sagital section, left/right
|
|
|
Coronol
|
frontal, front/back, dorsal/ventral, anterior/poserior
|
|
|
Tissues
|
epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve
|
|
|
mucsle tissue
|
skeletal-voluntary, smooth and cardiac-involuntary
|
|
|
mitosis
|
cells-46 chromosomes
|
|
|
meosis
|
gonads, 23 chromsomes, gametes formed
|
|
|
membranes
|
all epithelial-mucous, serous, snovial, cutaneous
|
|
|
dendrite to nueron
|
axon takes info from the nueron
|
|
|
sensory enters at
|
dorsal horns of spinal cord
|
|
|
motor exits at
|
ventral horns
|
|
|
small intestines
|
digestion and absorption
|
|
|
large intestines
|
reabsorbs water and elimination
|
|
|
ribosomes
|
read DNA and protien synthesis, found bound to ER or in cytoplasm
|
|
|
nucleus
|
control center, DNA
|
|
|
ATP
|
energy
|
|
|
cerebellum
|
coordination
|
|
|
Pituitary
|
Tropic-Adeno
|
|
|
Tropic Hormones
|
STH, GH, FSH, LH, ACTH and TSH
|
|
|
FSH
|
sperm, eggs
|
|
|
LH
|
testoterone, progesterone and ovulations
|
|
|
postier hormones
|
oxytocin and ADH
|
|
|
CNS
|
brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
PNS
|
sensory afferent
motor efferent |
|
|
mitocondria
|
cell energy and respiration
|
|
|
membrane
|
bilayer of phospolipids and selectively permable
|
|
|
CALVIN CYCLE
|
SUGAR
|
|
|
prokaryotic
|
no nucleus
|
|
|
eukaryotic
|
membrane encolsed nucleus
|
|
|
nucleus
|
DNA
|
|
|
Ribosomes
|
read RNA and protien synthesis
found bound to ER |
|
|
ER
|
smooth-detox and metabolism
rough-protien sysnthesis and membrane production |
|
|
golgi
|
transports from ER to cell
|
|
|
lysosome
|
digestions
|
|
|
vacuole
|
food uptake and phagocytosis
|
|
|
water
|
covalently bonded
polar high specific heat strong conhesion |
|
|
molecules
|
carbs
lipids protiens nucleic acids |
|
|
carbs
|
polymers(long chains) of sugars
storage, structure, and energy |
|
|
lipids
|
fatty acids
|
|
|
saturated fatty acids
|
no double bonds and solid at room temp
|
|
|
unsaturated fatty acids
|
1 or more double bonds and liquid at room temp
|
|
|
Fatty Acids
|
nonpolar-hydrocarbon tail
|
|
|
phospholipids
|
2 fatty acids bound to phosphate group
|
|
|
polar
|
charged tail
|
|
|
cellular membranes
|
creating a barrier to protect the cell
|
|
|
steroids
|
in membraned but mostly a precursor to hormones
|
|
|
protiens
|
polymers of 20 and the largest of molecules
|
|
|
nucleic acids
|
DNA and mRNA
|
|
|
Step 1
|
glucose to pyruvate=glycolisis
|
|
|
Step 2
|
pryruvate to mitocondria(energy) krebs cycle
|
|
|
Step 3
|
NADH electron transport
|
|
|
cellular reproduction
|
assexual and sexual
|
|
|
asexual-binary fission
|
pinches in 2 producing identical cells
|
|
|
asexual-mitosis
|
prophase-seperate chromo
prometaphase-spindle metaphase-alignment in center anaphase-chrom seperate in 2 telophase-gather on either sideq |
|
|
asexual-cytokinesis
|
cell pinches in 2
|
|
|
sexual
|
2 cells contribute=greater variation
|
|
|
assexual
|
offspring orginates from single cell so they are all identical
|
|
|
prophase 1
|
the only difference between mitosis and meosis
|
|
|
sexual reproduction
|
meosis
|
|
|
nonsister chromatids cross
|
prophase 1
|
|
|
sexual
|
1/2 as many chromosome as the parent
|
|
|
alleles
|
2 alternative traits
|
|
|
adenine
|
thymine
|
|
|
guanine
|
cytosine
|
|
|
an RNA strand is compared to original DNA and is created
|
mRNA
|
|
|
uracil in the transcription phase is substituted for..
|
thymine
|
|
|
less than 7 acids
|
donor and is acidic
|
|
|
more than 7 on the ph scale
|
base and is a hydrogen acceptor
|
|
|
covalent bond
|
when 2 atoms share a pair of electrons
strongest of bonds |
|
|
if electrons are shared evenly
|
nonpolar
|
|
|
if electrons are not shared evenly
|
polar
|
|
|
ionic
|
2 oppisilty chaged ions
|
|
|
hydrogen bonds
|
strong
|
|
|
dipole interactiosn
|
WEAK
|
|
|
dispersion
|
weakest of all
|
|
|
oxidation
|
loss of electrons
|
|
|
reduction
|
gain of electrons
|
|
|
conbustion
|
reaction of a compound with O2
|
|
|
mass
|
sum of protons and neutrons
|
|
|
atomic #
|
protons
|
|
|
mass # given is 14 and stomic number is 6, how many nuetrons
|
6+ x = 14
8 nuetrons |
|
|
1 gram/? mg
|
1000 mg
|
|
|
1000 mg/? mcg
|
1000 mcg
|
|
|
1 gram/ ? gr
|
15 grains
|
|
|
1 grain/? mg
|
60 mg
|
|
|
5 ml/? tsp
|
1 tsp
|
|
|
1tsp/ ? drams
|
1 dram
|
|
|
30 ml/? oz
|
1 oz
|
|
|
1/2 liter/? ml
|
500 ml
|
|
|
1 liter/? ml
|
1000 ml
|
|
|
1 pints
|
500 ml
|
|
|
2 pints in a
|
cup
|
|
|
1 ml/? cc
|
1cc
|
|
|
1ml/? mx
|
15 mx
|
|
|
15 ml/?t
|
1 tablespoon
|
|
|
mx is a
|
drop
|
|
|
1kg/? lbs
|
2.2 ibs
|
|
|
ss
|
.5
|
|
|
1 gtt
|
1 mx
|
|
|
1in/? cm
|
2.5 cm
|
|
|
i
|
1
|
|
|
ii
|
2
|
|
|
iii
|
3
|
|
|
vi
|
4
|
|
|
v
|
5
|
|
|
t
|
tea
|
|
|
T
|
table
|
|
|
c
|
cup, 8 oz
|
|
|
has 3 loops
|
ounce
|
|
|
noc
|
night
|
|
|
PO
|
by mouth
|
|
|
ac
|
before meals
|
|
|
pc
|
after meals
|
|
|
qd
|
every day
|
|
|
qh
|
every hour
|
|
|
2 loops
|
dram
|
|
|
5 mls
|
1 dram
|
|
|
qod
|
every other day
|
|
|
s
|
wiothout
|
|
|
c
|
with
|
|
|
bid
|
2xs
|
|
|
tid
|
3xs
|
|
|
qid
|
4xs
|
|
|
1 mx/? gtt
|
1 gtt
|
|
|
os
|
left eye
|
|
|
od
|
right eye
|
|
|
ou
|
both eyes
|
|
|
as
|
left ear
|
|
|
ad
|
right ear
|
|
|
au
|
both ears
|
|
|
iss
|
1.5
|
|
|
1/4 liter/ ? ml
|
250 ml
|
|
|
mx is a
|
drop
|
|
|
military time, before noon
|
include a 0 before the numbers 1-9 for am
0 is not nessesary for 10 or 11 |
|
|
military time, after noon
|
add 12 to the hour
|
|
|
0000 military
|
12:00 am midnight
|
|
|
1200 military
|
noon
|
|
|
What microbes can be stained with: Giemsa's
|
Mnemonic; Geishas, Clams and Bores in Tropical Places
1. Borrelia 2. Plasmodium 3. Trypanosomes 4. Chlamydia |
|
|
X
|
10
|
|
|
XX
|
20
|
|
|
XXX
|
30
|
|
|
XL
|
40
|
|
|
L
|
50
|
|
|
LX
|
60
|
|
|
LXX
|
70
|
|
|
LXXX
|
80
|
|
|
XC
|
90
|
|
|
C
|
100
|
|
|
D
|
500
|
|
|
M
|
1000
|
|
|
V(LINE OVER IT)
|
5000
|
|
|
X(LINE OVER IT)
|
10000
|
|
|
L(LINE OVER IT)
|
50000
|
|
|
C(WITH A LINE OVER IT)
|
100,000
|
|
|
D(WITH A LINE OVER IT)
|
500,000
|
|
|
M(WITH A LINE OVER IT)
|
1000000
|
|
|
0 celcius
|
32 farienheit(frezzing)
|
|
|
100 cdelcius
|
212 F(boiling)
|
|
|
1 kilo
|
1000 meters
|
|
|
1 meter
|
100 centimeters
|
|
|
1 centimeter
|
10 milimeters
|
|
|
1 liter
|
1000 mililiters
|
|
|
1 ml
|
1 cc
|
|
|
1 gallon
|
4 qts
|
|
|
1 gallon
|
128 oz
|
|
|
1 quart
|
2 pints
|
|
|
1 pint
|
2 cups
|
|
|
1 cup
|
8 oz
|
|
|
1 oz
|
30 ml
|
|
|
1 kilogram
|
1000 grams
|
|
|
1 gram
|
1000 miligrams
|
|
|
1pound
|
16 ounces
|
|
|
Part/Whole
|
%/100
|
|
|
affect
|
to influence or change
|
|
|
effect
|
result or outcome
|
|
|
among
|
more than 2 persons
|
|
|
between
|
2 persons
|
|
|
amount
|
things in bulk
|
|
|
number
|
individual countable units
|
|
|
i.e
|
specifies or explains
|
|
|
e.g.
|
example
|
|
|
Use______ or _______ if he, she, they, I can be substitued in then who clause
|
who or whoever
|
|
|
Use_____ or _______ if him, her, them, me, or us can be substitued as the verb or as the object if the preposition in the whom clause
|
whom or whomever
|
|
|
endogenous
|
produced within the body
|
|
|
flaccid
|
limp or laking tone
ex."stroke" |
|
|
insidious
|
so gradual as to not become apparent for a long time.
"cancer" |
|
|
labile
|
changing rapidly or often
|
|
|
ominous
|
significantly important or dangerous
|
|
|
patent
|
open
|
|
|
precipititous
|
rapid and un controlled
|
|
|
untoward
|
adverse or negative
|
|
|
right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
|
to the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery to the lungs
|
|
|
pulmonary veins to the left atrium through the mitral valve then the left ventricle
|
left ventricle through aortic valve to aorta to systemic circulation
|
|
|
The proximal tubule reabsorbs water, salts, glucose, and amino acids to maintain electrolyte levels in the body.
|
The distal tubule contains cells specialized in active transport and maintains urine and blood pH levels, particularly through the regulation of sodium and potassium
|
|
|
collecting ducts, a tubule system that can become permeable or impermeable to water depending on the body’s needs.
|
g
|
|
|
ntidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorbtion by stimulating insertion of "water channels" or aquaporins into the membranes of kidney tubules. These channels transport solute-free water through tubular cells and back into blood, leading to a decrease in plasma osmolarity and an increase osmolarity of urine.
|
Antidiuretic hormone, also known commonly as arginine vasopressin, is a nine amino acid peptide secreted from the posterior pituitary
|
|
|
parathyroid controls
|
calcium
|
|
|
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin) – stimulates the ]
|
thyroid gland to make and release thyroid hormone.[2
|
|
|
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin) – stimulates
|
stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids.[3]
|
|
|
Luteinizing hormone (LH) – stimulates the release of
|
steroid hormones in gonads—the ovary and testes.
|
|
|
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – stimulates
|
the maturation of eggs and production of sperm.
|
|
|
the tropic hormones bind a
|
receptor on another endocrine gland.
|
|
|
Non-tropic hormones are hormones that directly
|
stimulate target cells to induce effects
|
|
|
non tropic hormones are
|
Oxytocin (posterior lobe)- stimulates milk letdown in females. and ADH(water retention)
|
|
|
juices in digestive tract
|
hydrocloric acid, mucous, amalyase in the saliva,
|
|
|
pancreas
|
insulin
|
|
|
liver
|
produces bile that is stored in the gallbladder and emulsifies fat in the small intestine
|
|
|
ature red blood cells are flexible biconcave disks that lack a cell nucleus and most organelles. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages
|
f
|
|
|
nuetrophil
|
white blood cell
bacteria and fungi multi lobed |
|
|
Eosinophil
|
parasites
allergies bilobed |
|
|
Basophil
|
inflamatroy
bilobed response |
|
|
Lymphocyte
|
t helper cells
immunity |
|
|
Monocyte
|
kidney shaped
|
|
|
sebacous glands secrete
|
sebum
|
|
|
sebacous glands are located everywhere but the
|
palms and feet soles
tears acne |
|
|
sudoferous glands
|
sweat
located in the subcutaneous layer |
